tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38254226400715747942024-03-12T16:01:23.663-07:00Nualgi - Diatom Algae for Bio-remediation and BiodieselAlgae have many uses, Treating sewage, Phyto-remediation of polluted lakes and rivers, Biodiesel, food for fish and shrimp. Nualgi is a mircro nutrient that boosts growth of algae.Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.comBlogger468125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-88627608793437032662017-04-22T20:35:00.000-07:002017-04-22T20:35:14.406-07:00Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
http://www.themillbrookindependent.com/content/sos-sucking-oxygen-out-sea<br />
SOS: SUCKING OXYGEN OUT OF THE SEA<br />by Bill Schlesinger<br />Tue Mar 21st, 2017<br />
This report is based on this paper -<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #515f5c; font-family: Palatino; font-size: 15.6px;">Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades</span><br />
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7641/abs/nature21399.html<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #515f5c; font-family: Palatino; font-size: 15.6px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #515f5c; font-family: Palatino; font-size: 15.6px;">Schmidtko, S., L. Stramma, and M. Visbeck. 2017. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #515f5c; font-family: Palatino; font-size: 15.6px;">Nature 542: 335-339.</span></div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-75783887962635200772016-11-17T21:24:00.001-08:002016-11-17T21:24:41.938-08:00Omega-3 ingredients market est. $3.79 billion by 2022<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/omega-3-ingredients-market-est-3-79-billion-2022/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndustryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29<br />
<br />
<h1 style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
Omega-3 ingredients market est. $3.79 billion by 2022</h1>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<em>November 16, 2016</em><br />
<a href="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;">AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com</a></div>
<div class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_32993" style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); color: #333333; float: right; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 4px 0px 5px; text-align: center; width: 360px;">
<img alt="Europe’s EPA/DHA ingredients" class="wp-image-32993" height="210" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" src="https://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/EPADHA-Chart.png" srcset="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/EPADHA-Chart.png 575w, http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/EPADHA-Chart-182x109.png 182w, http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/EPADHA-Chart-300x180.png 300w" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;" width="350" /><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0px;">
Europe’s EPA/DHA ingredients market size, by application, 2012-2022 (Tons)</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<img alt="E" class="size-full wp-image-5095 alignleft" height="54" src="https://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/edropcaps.jpg" style="display: inline; float: left; margin: 5px 3px -5px 0px; padding: 0px;" title="E dropcap" width="41" />PA/DHA (omega-3 ingredients) market size is likely to be worth USD 3.79 billion by 2022, according to a recent research report by Global Market Insights, Inc. An increasing trend towards healthy nutrient-fortified diets is likely to drive the EPA & DHA ingredients’ market growth.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Dietary supplements accounted for over 65% of the total omega-3 ingredients market in 2014. Growing consumer awareness for adopting proactive self care measures to reduce illness probability and consuming supplements to avoid expensive medical bills is likely to continue influencing EPA/DHA ingredients demand.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Functional foods accounted for over 11% of the total EPA & DHA ingredients market share in 2014, with consumption estimated at approximately 10.5 kilo tons. This application is likely to attain significant gains during the forecast period.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
FDA approval towards health claims for coronary heath diseases, and American Dietetic Association, for suggestion of minimum intake at close to 500mg per day, is likely to favor omega-3 market size.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Other key insights from the report include:</div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("images/icon.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">Global EPA/DHA ingredients market size was evaluated at 93.69 kilo tons in 2014 with forecast to attain growth rate at 5.4% up to 2022 and reach 142.5 kilo tons.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("images/icon.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">North America was the leading regional consumer industry in 2014, and accounted for over 36% of the total demand. Pharmaceutical application in the North American EPA/DHA ingredients market generated revenues worth approximately USD 86 million in 2014.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("images/icon.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">Functional food applications in North America accounted for close to 10% of the total demand, and are expected to be an attractive growth segment for this industry over the forecast period.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("images/icon.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">China’s omega 3 market accounted for over 10% of the total demand in 2014 and is likely to significantly grow during the forecast period. Dietary supplement application was dominant in China and is likely to witness highest CAGR, at 6.1% up to 2022.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("images/icon.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;">EPA/DHA ingredients market share represents moderate consolidation with the top four key players accounting for close to 54% of the demand.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, verdana;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">-------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, tahoma, verdana;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Diatoms are good source of EPA.</span></span></div>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<li></li>
</ul>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-63427345556940810822016-11-16T02:10:00.000-08:002016-11-16T02:10:24.090-08:00Nualgi - A novel solution to grow Diatom Algae in large natural waterbodies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
https://www.academia.edu/29876165/A_new_novel_solution_to_grow_diatom_algae_in_large_natural_water_bodies_and_its_impact_on_CO_2_capture_and_nutrient_removal?auto_accept_coauthor=true </div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-21870214526753932762016-06-20T22:18:00.002-07:002016-06-20T22:18:49.595-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
http://www.bayjournal.com/article/nitrogen_pollution_reductions_lagging_epa_warns<br />
<br />
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 32px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: -15px 0px 0.4em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Nitrogen pollution reductions lagging, EPA warns</h2>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #818080; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Pennsylvania, New York leave Baywide cleanup effort short of interim goals</h3>
<div id="authortext" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; float: left; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul class="articledetails" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 9.34375px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 233.719px;">
<li class="authorarticle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="small" style="border: 0px; color: #c6c6c6; display: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 3px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By</span> Karl Blankenship <span class="small" style="border: 0px; color: #c6c6c6; display: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 3px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">on</span> <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">June 17, 2016</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<form action="http://www.bayjournal.com/article/nitrogen_pollution_reductions_lagging_epa_warns" id="comment_form" method="post" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="hiddenFields" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div id="nocomments" style="border: 0px; display: inherit; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 2px 2px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul class="articledetails" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5.46875px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 137px;">
<li class="articlecomments" style="border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.bayjournal.com/article/nitrogen_pollution_reductions_lagging_epa_warns#comments" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Add a Comment">Leave a comment <img border="0" class="smallicon2" src="https://www.bayjournal.com/images/img/commenticon.png" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 8px -6px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 3px 3px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</form>
<div class="clear" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="royalSlider contentSlider rsDefault rsHor rsWebkit3d rsWithBullets" id="content-slider" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; direction: ltr; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; height: 545px; line-height: 25.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 618.547px;">
<div class="rsOverflow grab-cursor" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); backface-visibility: hidden; background: rgb(21, 21, 21); border: 0px; cursor: url("grab.png") 8 8, move; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 545px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: translateZ(0px); vertical-align: baseline; width: 619px;">
<div class="rsContainer" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); backface-visibility: hidden; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 545px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0s; vertical-align: baseline; width: 619px;">
<div class="rsSlide " style="backface-visibility: hidden; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 545px; left: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transform: translateZ(0px); vertical-align: baseline; width: 619px;">
<img alt="The Susquehanna River, the Bay's largest tributary, carries nutrient and sediment pollution from Pennsylvania and New York. Efforts to curtail a key nutrient, nitrogen, have fallen behind because of lagging cleanup progress in those two states, EPA says. (Karl Blankenship)" class="rsImg" src="https://www.bayjournal.com/images/article_images/large/SusqueDay_Karl.jpg" style="backface-visibility: hidden; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 408px; line-height: inherit; margin: 68px 0px 0px 4px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 3px 3px 0px; transform: translateZ(0px); transition: opacity 400ms ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 611px;" /></div>
</div>
<div class="rsFullscreenBtn" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 44px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 44px; z-index: 22;">
<div class="rsFullscreenIcn" style="background: url("rs-default.png") 0px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.74902); border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 32px; line-height: inherit; margin: 6px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 32px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="rsNav rsBullets" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.74902); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; left: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px auto; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s linear; vertical-align: baseline; width: 618.547px; z-index: 35;">
<div class="rsNavItem rsBullet rsNavSelected" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.247059); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 8px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 5px 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 8px;">
<span class="" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="rsGCaption" style="border: 0px; color: grey; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 10px 0px 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 618.547px;">
The Susquehanna River, the Bay's largest tributary, carries nutrient and sediment pollution from Pennsylvania and New York. Efforts to curtail a key nutrient, nitrogen, have fallen behind because of lagging cleanup progress in those two states, EPA says. (Karl Blankenship)</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The Chesapeake Bay cleanup effort has fallen behind by almost 25 percent in reducing a key pollutant because of lagging progress in Pennsylvania and New York, federal regulators warned Friday.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The Bay cleanup plan imposed by the <a href="http://www.chesapeakebay.net/about/programs/tmdl" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Environmental Protection Age</a>ncy at the end of 2010 had called for 60 percent of the actions needed to restore Bay water quality to be in place by the end of next year — roughly halfway to the 2025 deadline the states had agreed upon.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Now, it appears the majority of the action to control nitrogen — the prime nutrient affecting algae growth in the Bay’s saltier water —may be left until late in the cleanup process, something officials had hoped to avoid.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
“Overall, we continue to make progress, however, there are some sectors in some states where we are falling behind,” said Shawn Garvin, EPA’s Mid-Atlantic regional administrator, in releasing the agency’s<a href="https://www.epa.gov/chesapeake-bay-tmdl/final-epa-evaluation-2014-2015-milestone-progress-and-2016-2017-milestone" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"> latest evaluation of state efforts</a>. “We recognize that based on actions taken to date, and the current projections, that it is unlikely that we will meet” the 2017 goals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After analyzing progress made by each of the seven jurisdictions in the Bay watershed in 2014-15, and their expected efforts through 2017, the EPA expects Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia will meet their interim goals for nitrogen phosphorus and sediment reductions, although not all were on pace to do that at the end of last year.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
New York is expected to miss goals for all three pollutants, though, and Pennsylvania will miss the nitrogen and phosphorus goal.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
EPA officials said they believed New York had adequate programs set up to ultimately get its cleanup back on track. Much more problematic is Pennsylvania, which Garvin said faces a “significant lift” to reach its goals. The state accounts for 89 percent of the 10 million-pound Baywide nitrogen shortfall projected for the end of next year.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The <a href="https://www.epa.gov/chesapeake-bay-tmdl" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Bay cleanup plan</a>, or pollution diet, called for reducing the amount of nitrogen entering the Bay annually from 260.2 million pounds in 2010 to 219.5 million pounds by 2017.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Pennsylvania officials in January announced plans to <a href="http://www.bayjournal.com/article/pa_plan_says_it_will_increase_ag_inspections_plant_more_trees" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">“reboot” the state’s cleanup efforts</a>, but the EPA said what it’s seen so far is not enough to get the commonwealth back on track to meet its 2025 goals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
EPA’s review said Pennsylvania would need to place “considerably greater emphasis” on controlling runoff from agriculture, an effort that has suffered from years of underfunding and understaffing.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The agency also expressed doubt that the state could meet its stormwater goals, and suggested that some of that shortfall be shifted to other sectors, such as wastewater treatment plants, where nutrient reductions are ahead of schedule.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Federal regulators warned that when Pennsylvania develops a new strategy to guide cleanup efforts from 2018 through 2025, the agency may require state officials to provide more documentation than other states about the adequacy of their plans.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
EPA officials also warned they could take a variety of other actions if greater progress is not made, such as increasing oversight of how federal grant money is spent, and expanding regulatory programs to cover smaller farm animal feeding operations.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Neil Shader, press secretary of the Pennsylvania<a href="http://www.dep.pa.gov/Pages/default.aspx#.V2SxrfkrKUk" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"> Department of Environmental Protection</a>, acknowledged cleanup efforts lagged from “years of inaction” that preceded the administration of Gov. Tom Wolf, but said state agencies are working with conservation districts and stakeholders to accelerate nutrient control efforts.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
“Through the administration’s “reboot” strategy, we will build on these early successes and continue to identify additional pollution reduction opportunities and engage with the public to bring every possible resource to the effort,” Shader said.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
But Harry Campbell, Pennsylvania executive director of the <a href="http://www.cbf.org/" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Chesapeake Bay Foundation</a>, said the state lacked adequate funding to enact its programs. It’s “unclear,” he added, “when or if those vital resources will be made available.”</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
While other states were making better progress, the review offered hints of future concerns.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Much of the reductions so far have come from wastewater treatment plants, which account for about three-quarters of all nitrogen reductions since 2010. The wastewater facilities already have achieved their share of the overall nitrogen reduction goal for 2025.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
But that means about 71 percent of future nitrogen reductions will need to come from agriculture, where progress has been more difficult to achieve. EPA’s review showed that through 2015, farming operations in Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware and Maryland all lagged in meeting their nitrogen reduction goals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Nitrogen reductions from the heavily agricultural watersheds of the Susquehanna River and the Eastern Shore are essential to reducing the oxygen-starved dead zone in the upper Bay.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
“We recognized from the outset that our agricultural sector is an area that we continue to need to work with,” Garvin said. He said the agency is working with the states to get programs in place to help meet the goals, find additional resources and target programs to areas that would be most effective.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Besides citing problems in Pennsylvania, the agency also downgraded its rating of Delaware’s agricultural program to “enhanced oversight” because of concerns over implementation of its permitting program for livestock operations and its nutrient management program.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
In a statement, Delaware officials said they considered EPA’s evaluation “fair and objective” but expressed a “continued commitment” to reduce nitrogen from agriculture, stormwater, wastewater and septic systems.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland face an extra challenge as they may need to find ways to offset additional nutrients which are no longer being trapped behind Conowingo Dam, and are flowing into the Bay from the Susquehanna. As part of its review, the EPA told all three states that they need to work together to develop a strategy to achieve pollution reductions beyond those originally planned.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The state-federal Bay Program is in the midst of a multi-year review of cleanup progress. That midpoint assessment, when complete next year, is likely to show even greater pollution reduction shortfalls for all jurisdictions as it takes into account phosphorus-saturated soils, climate change, land-use changes and other issues.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
While the EPA review found the region was on track overall to meet phosphorus and sediment goals, the agency warned that could change once the midpoint assessment is complete., The EPA said that “changes in levels of effort may be necessary in order to achieve the 2025 targets for all three pollutants.”</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
“We recognize that coming out of the midpoint assessment … things are just going to get more and more difficult, and we are committed to working together to accomplish those goals.” Garvin added.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The EPA in 2010 established a Baywide cleanup plan, known as a <a href="https://www.epa.gov/chesapeake-bay-tmdl" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Total Maximum Daily Load</a>, that established annual limits on the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment — the pollutants primarily responsible for fouling the Chesapeake ’s water quality.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Because of the failure of previous cleanup plans to meet deadlines, the EPA and states set a series of two-year goals, known as milestones, to help keep efforts on track toward the interim 2017, and ultimate 2025, goals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Nonetheless, William Baker, the bay foundation’s president, noted that the previous two years was the third straight milestone period in which Pennsylvania missed its goals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
“It is well past time for Pennsylvania to accelerate its pollution reduction efforts, and EPA must do more to ensure that Pennsylvania obeys the law, he said.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #575757; font-family: "PT Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25.5px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-top: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The full reviews can be found<a href="https://www.epa.gov/chesapeake-bay-tmdl/final-epa-evaluation-2014-2015-milestone-progress-and-2016-2017-milestone" style="border: 0px; color: #9a460d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"> here</a>. </div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-80302239234029883982015-11-15T18:38:00.002-08:002015-11-15T18:38:53.012-08:00Bay of Bengal - Visakhapatanam - Dwindling catch, marine pollution worry fishermen<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/dwindling-catch-marine-pollution-worry-fishermen/article7880131.ece<br />
<br />
<h1 class="detail-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1f57a5; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Dwindling catch, marine pollution worry fishermen</h1>
<div id="google-ad-border" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(243, 243, 243); color: #3b3a39; font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 1px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 2px 5px; position: relative;">
<div class="ad_label" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: right;">
<a href="http://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/santosh-patnaik/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #7f7f7f; outline: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">SANTOSH PATNAIK</a></div>
</div>
<div class="detail-info" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #7f7f7f; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; position: relative; z-index: 5;">
<div class="article-links" style="border: 0px; bottom: -1px; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: right; text-transform: uppercase; width: 280px; z-index: 10;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3b3a39; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="jcarousel-wrapper" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; margin: 0px 0px 6px 11px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="jCarouselHolder" data-jcarousel="true" id="article-new-carousel" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; position: relative; width: 574px;">
<ul style="border: 0px; left: -10px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; position: relative; top: 0px; width: 2000em;">
<li style="border: 0px; float: left; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 10px 0px 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 564px;"><div id="pic" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 564px;">
<img alt="Fishermen removing garbage that entered the net along with the catch, in Visakhapatnam. —PHOTO: K.R. DEEPAK" src="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/02621/07vzskp2-Marine_10_2621186g.jpg" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" title="Fishermen removing garbage that entered the net along with the catch, in Visakhapatnam. —PHOTO: K.R. DEEPAK" width="564" /></div>
<div class="photo-caption padright5" style="border: 0px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 5px 3px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="photo-source" style="border: 0px; color: #1f57a5; float: right; font-size: 9px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 30px; position: relative;">
</div>
Fishermen removing garbage that entered the net along with the catch, in Visakhapatnam. —PHOTO: K.R. DEEPAK</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; float: left; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 10px 0px 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 564px;"><div id="pic" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 564px;">
<img alt="" src="http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/02621/07vzskp2-Marine_Vi_2621187g.jpg" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" title="" width="497" /></div>
<div class="photo-caption padright5" style="border: 0px; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 5px 3px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="photo-source" style="border: 0px; color: #1f57a5; float: right; font-size: 9px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 30px; position: relative;">
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="jcarousel-control-next" data-jcarouselcontrol="true" style="background: url(http://www.thehindu.com/template/1-0-1/gfx/arrowsSprite.png) -198px 0px no-repeat; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: 32px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; right: -3px; top: 178.797px; width: 32px;">
</div>
</div>
<span class="artauthor" style="background-color: white; color: #7f7f7f; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 18px; outline: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<div class="article-text" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #3b3a39; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="articleLead" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
n estimated 3.25 lakh fishermen living in 133 hamlets in Visakhapatnam district are seething with anger due to dwindling catch and marine pollution causing fish-kill.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
There is phenomenal increase in incidents of fish-kill as well as fishing areas becoming ‘dead zones’ due to rapid industrialisation and urbanisation leading to less extent of fishing area in the territorial waters within two km area from the shore and discharge of sewage by GVMC and effluents by the industries.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
The number of fishing days has been reduced to 270 in a year on account of annual fishing holiday and formation of various systems in the Bay. In reality, fishermen just have 120 fishing days.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
The sea used to be very clean two decades ago. Now it is muddy due to changing climate and rise in industrial pollution. According to unofficial estimates fish catch has come down from 1.35 lakh tonne per annum 15 to 20 years ago to 85,000 tonne. Overexploitation following increase in number of boats is also said to be one of the factors for falling catch.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
Enquiries with GVMC have revealed that the city is generating an estimated 220 million gallons per day of sewage (170 in 2001) of which 96 MLD of ‘treated’ sewage is discharged into sea.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
The rest goes into the sea through storm water drainage without any treatment. GVMC is building a sewage treatment plant at Narava with a capacity of 104 MLD.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
An official of AP Pollution Control Board has said 425 MLD water used by various industries is discharged into sea through pipelines in addition to five MLD of industrial effluents under its ‘vigilant eye’. “Guard ponds (where testing is done to ensure compliance to emission standards), are being set up for RINL and HPCL which discharge an estimated six MLD of effluents, by December 31 as per the directive of Central Pollution Control Board,” he says.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
Fishermen say due to NTPC Simhadri, Pharma City and other industries, 30-km area near Mutyalammapalem and Tikkavanipalem has become a dead zone for fishing. Similarly, due to steel plant and a private power plant, Appikonda, which used to be a major fishing landing centre, has become a dead zone.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
“Pudimadaka, which has a population of 15,000, used to be a major hub for fishing a decade ago. Now fishermen here are struggling to meet their both ends meet after Brandix India Apparel City laid a pipeline into the sea to discharge the effluents by the garment plants that came at Atchutapuram,” says Arjili Dasu, a fishermen activist.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
Former IAS officer and social activist E.A.S. Sarma says: “Visakhapatnam’s coastline sustains the livelihood of thousands of traditional fisherfolk, dependent on it for generations. Of late, despite rigorous environment laws in force, due to official apathy and connivance, the laws are violated and industries cause toxic pollution and other commercial establishments let out untreated sewage effluents.”</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<b style="outline: 0px;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<b style="outline: 0px;">Shrinking shoreline </b><b style="outline: 0px;">a cause for concern</b></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<b style="outline: 0px;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
The coastline in Visakhapatnam district has effectively come down from 136 to 66 km due to establishment of various projects either on the shore or nearer to it.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
Some of the major projects which have become operational on the coastline include NTPC Simhadri Super Thermal Power Project, Hinduja National Power Corporation, Brandix India Apparel City, Naval Alternative Operations Base, Hetero Drugs and a string of hatcheries in and around Payakaraopeta.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
The shoreline has also shrunk by half a km, which experts from National Institute of Oceanography attribute to coastal erosion, massive constructions on the beach road as part of concrete jungle culture.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
“We used to capture fish 50 to 60 metres from shore and now we have to go deep,” says Ch. Satyanarayana Murthy, a boat owner from Visakhapatnam.</div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<i style="outline: 0px;"><b style="outline: 0px;"></b></i></div>
<div class="body" style="outline: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-84799072825851111902015-11-02T20:48:00.001-08:002015-11-02T20:48:04.969-08:00“Eat Algae, Don’t Burn It.” - Help “reset” the algae industry<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/help-reset-the-algae-industry/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndustryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29<br />
<br />
<h1 style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
Help “reset” the algae industry</h1>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<em>November 1, 2015 — by Robert Henrikson</em><br /><a href="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;">AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com</a></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<a href="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/readers-poll/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="nominatenowbuttonforbuzz" class="alignright wp-image-28737" height="174" src="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/nominatenowbuttonforbuzz.png" style="border: none; display: inline; float: right; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 0px;" width="250" /></a><img alt="Y" class="size-full wp-image-11384 alignleft" height="54" src="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/ydropcaps.jpg" style="display: inline; float: left; margin: 3px 1px -6px 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Y dropcap" width="55" />es, push that red reset button to get the algae industry back on track, by nominating players who are making a real and positive contribution in the world of algae. Over this past decade, the Algae Industry has been dominated by big money chasing the mirage of commercial algae biofuels. My March 2011 post <em>“</em><a href="http://www.smartmicrofarms.com/2011/03/shakeout/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Shakeout in Algae Biofuels</a><em>” </em>described shakeout scenarios about to unfold.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
This great biofuel boom and bust raked in billions of dollars in government, corporate and private investment over the past decade, attracting charlatans and collaborators (some who knew better) who sucked up the public bandwidth about algae, burned investors, and discouraged many from funding algae ventures for food, feed and high-value products.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Failed biofuel companies may try to excuse themselves because the price of oil fell. A decade ago, experts with real algae experience could not identify a pathway to make algae biofuel cost competitive with conventional fuel even at higher fuel prices. Where is the path forward today?</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Just a few years ago corporate suits were dismissing non-fuel products from algae as “co-products” for “niche” markets. Now they are gone. Their replacements at algae biofuel ventures have desperately tried to pivot to those niche markets and algae co-products like food, feed, nutraceuticals, high value oils and fine chemicals, to show a real income stream for their sponsors.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
During this time, we have also learned about the barriers to the massive scale required for biofuel commercialization. This undermines the claim that bigger is better, and renews appreciation of small is beautiful.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Algae industry conferences use to open with a plenary panel of algae CEO “all-stars,” touting their big successes developing biofuels. One-by-one they have dropped away.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
If 10% of the funding for algae biofuels had been directed into R&D for animal nutrition studies and cost reduction for algae aquaculture and animal feeds and human food, we would already be well along on this path. Growing algae for feed and food will have a far greater impact on reducing negative effects of climate change than biofuels ever would, and in doing so, we will support all sentient beings on this Earth.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Let’s reset our algae narrative. There is plenty of good news to share. Opportunities abound. Refocus on the real algae industry that offers real products and services from algae. Let’s nominate individuals and organizations that understand how to change the world. <em>“Eat Algae, Don’t Burn It.”</em></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<em>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</em></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
I agree with this, algae as food is more important than fuel. We have been saying this for past many years.</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-37683898433116467342015-09-25T19:25:00.000-07:002015-09-25T19:25:37.662-07:00Nualgi in Lagoon STPs and dams in Queensland, Australia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
http://nualgienviro.com.au/an-overview-of-trials-using-nualgi-in-lagoon-stps-and-dams-in-queensland-australia/<br />
<br />
<header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23px;"><h1 class="entry-title " style="color: inherit; display: inline-block; font-family: Quattrocento, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 38px; line-height: 38px; margin: 10px 0px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; width: 700px;">
An Overview of Trials Using Nualgi in Lagoon STPs and dams in Queensland, Australia</h1>
<div class="entry-meta" style="font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 8px;">
This entry was posted in <a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/cyanobacteria/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/diatoms/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Diatoms">Diatoms</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/harmful-algae/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Harmful Algae">Harmful Algae</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/nutrient-management/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Nutrient management">Nutrient management</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/sewage-treatment/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Sewage Treatment">Sewage Treatment</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/toxic-algae/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Toxic Algae">Toxic Algae</a><a class="btn btn-mini" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/category/wastewater-treatment/" style="background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(230, 230, 230)); background-repeat: repeat-x; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(179, 179, 179); border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 2px; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 20px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74902) 0px 1px 1px; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; vertical-align: middle;" title="View all posts in Wastewater Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a> on <a href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/2015/09/21/" rel="bookmark" style="color: #26ce61; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;" title="5:14 am">September 21, 2015</a> <span class="by-author">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/author/simonadmint/" rel="author" style="color: #26ce61; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;" title="View all posts by simonadmint">simonadmint</a></span></span></div>
<hr class="featurette-divider __before_content" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-style: solid; clear: both; margin: 30px 0px;" />
</header><section class="entry-content " style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #5a5a5a; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
This blog post is somewhat more technical than some of the other posts I have done to date. The reason for this is that I am presenting actual data! Yes! The numbers are in and I have graphs, relationships and hypotheses to offer. So if you are interested in the more analytical side of things then I hope you enjoy this post. As we are moving towards summer here in Australia things are warming up so the cyanobacteria are getting more active and the use of Nualgi in these tests is going to get properly tested to see how good it is. I hope you enjoy the report and as always, feel free to contact me if you want to know more.</div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Nualgi is a nano-silica nutrient mixture that has all the micronutrients required for growth of diatom microalgae adsorbed into the amorphous nano-silica structure. As only diatoms have a requirement to take up silica, they are the only algae that benefit from the micro-nutrient boost. This means that the diatoms successfully out-compete the other algae for nutrients, and reduce blue-green algae growth in a natural way. The process is non-toxic and offers an added benefit in that bacterial activity is enhanced due to the increased dissolved oxygen content from the diatom bloom. This increase in dissolved oxygen and bacterial activity will assist in bringing down the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the wastewater. </div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
......</div>
<h2 style="display: inline-block; font-family: Quattrocento, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin: 10px 0px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px;">
<span style="color: #42663f;">Summary</span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<a class="grouped_elements" href="http://nualgienviro.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Figure10.jpg" rel="tc-fancybox-group307" style="color: #26ce61; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.15s; transition-property: border, background, color; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;" title="Figure10"><img alt="Figure10" class="alignright size-full wp-image-323" height="326" src="http://nualgienviro.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Figure10.jpg" style="border: 0px; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0.857143rem 0px 0.857143rem 1.71429rem; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="622" /></a><br />The three trials presented here are each slightly different in regard to the conditions of the STP or the water being treated. Trials 1 and 2 have both shown a strong change in the percentage of the BGA that make up the Total Cell count. A similar pattern may slowly be emerging in Trial 3 which has a lower N concentration.</div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
The Total Cell Counts in all trials have been seen to reduce markedly from the starting values. Trial 2 has shown some recovery of non BGA algae, although this stage may be transitory as the lagoon continues to settle toward having a higher DO and lower BGA population.</div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Because of the increased activity of diatoms, especially benthic diatoms, induced by the addition of Nualgi there have been several positive changes to the water quality. In Trial 3, a reduction in the pH and a qualitative assessment that the invertebrate populations in the water have increased suggest that the water is progressively returning to a more stable environment in which algae other than BGAs may proliferate and the nutrients will shift from being retained in algal cycles and may now move up the food chain through the invertebrates and into higher animals such as fish, eels and birds.</div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Merriweather, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Longer trials are needed to assess the long term use of Nualgi in managing nutrients and controlling Blue Green Algae growth, but these three trials are strongly indicative that the use of Nualgi is a simple and effective pathway to achieve this outcome.</div>
</section></div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-89201501213658211852015-09-18T00:47:00.003-07:002015-09-18T00:47:54.343-07:00Nualgi proposals to the Climate CoLab contests 2015<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
Both proposals about Nualgi to the Climate CoLab contests have won the Popular Choice Awards</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
1. Nualgi - Diatom Algae - Oxygen<br />Proposal for Energy-Water Nexus Contest<br /><a href="http://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/1301501/planId/1320136" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://climatecolab.org/…/…/contestId/1301501/planId/1320136</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;">
2. Nualgi - Diatom Algae for Sewage Treatment<br />Proposal for Waste Management Contest<br /><a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fclimatecolab.org%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fplans%2F-%2Fplans%2FcontestId%2F1301420%2FplanId%2F1320133&h=OAQG-Q12gAQHs7g0-c3lgvW2I0c9jegFw0B-9wtFttbn4Pg&enc=AZNTTUUspinCwcQPhkUSgAY5rxVifGGmbfzIIS8c0eZsk6HVGQZwb02BRCqATMdWuYXGfUCpNFY7FfELXzK8w9Iau9qWGwuviGdFUrCMqPctasEwSXF8QANf1LXYSmMZcl63eIh3WQY2gC8lpwVDhaqH_QlJAj6h6X3FI2Wbxp3rsvr538Q9aHju-I_SzIy6DtHZyR7hVZFWv6KubAFOcq4k&s=1" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://climatecolab.org/…/…/contestId/1301420/planId/1320133</a></div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-59365297880212797332015-07-12T21:24:00.001-07:002015-07-12T21:24:16.463-07:00Nualgi - Diatom Algae - Schematic<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz_RcvOaDlFInMeXBvI6MjXfCSugJqxiu_v7fJyd1G-1OYnJryXHifRy6dXhyphenhyphenxLgfeSrSV0obmrpTDznBD7ou8obP08zcjB4JfmKMuUfXh4CP9qIjfYdpjzV6hZ2q-DR5ee67QN-Qthd0q/s1600/Nualgi+Poster+Bottle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz_RcvOaDlFInMeXBvI6MjXfCSugJqxiu_v7fJyd1G-1OYnJryXHifRy6dXhyphenhyphenxLgfeSrSV0obmrpTDznBD7ou8obP08zcjB4JfmKMuUfXh4CP9qIjfYdpjzV6hZ2q-DR5ee67QN-Qthd0q/s320/Nualgi+Poster+Bottle.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-88702544040961322692015-05-19T04:53:00.000-07:002015-05-19T04:53:55.853-07:00Fish, Krill and Phytoplankton Biomass of Oceans declining<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120920-are-we-running-out-of-fish<br />
<h1 class="article-heading" itemprop="headline" role="heading" style="clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.03em; line-height: 1.0715em; margin: 0px 16px 10px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">How the world’s oceans could be running out of fish</span></h1>
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0515_030515_fishdecline.html<br />
<h1 class="newsTitle" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; width: 480px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Big-Fish Stocks Fall 90 Percent Since 1950, Study Says</span></h1>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.int-res.com/articles/theme/m512p155.pdf</span></div>
<div>
<b>A century of fish biomass decline in the ocean</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v432/n7013/abs/nature02996.html</div>
<div>
<h2 id="atl" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern Ocean</span></h2>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/phytoplankton-population/</span></div>
<div>
<h1 class="article-title" style="font-family: Brunel-for-Titles, Georgia, serif; line-height: 36px; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Phytoplankton Population Drops 40 Percent Since 1950</span></h1>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-21220410173699105002015-03-25T00:03:00.001-07:002015-03-25T00:03:06.163-07:00Algae-based Wastewater System in Development in Yarmouth<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
http://www.capecod.com/newscenter/algae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth/<br />
<br />
<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, arial, serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
Algae-based Wastewater System in Development in Yarmouth</h1>
<div class="post-info" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;">
<span class="date published time" style="background: url(http://www.capecod.com/wp-content/themes/news/images/icon-time.png) 0% 0% no-repeat; padding: 2px 0px 2px 21px;" title="2015-03-17T09:29:13+00:00">March 17, 2015</span></div>
<div class="entry-content" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; overflow: hidden;">
<div class="mr_social_sharing_wrapper" style="border: 0px; height: auto; line-height: 0; margin: 4px 0px; padding: 0px; width: 580px;">
<span class="mr_social_sharing" style="display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 2px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto;"><fb:share-button class=" fb_iframe_widget" fb-iframe-plugin-query="app_id=188707654478&container_width=0&href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&locale=en_US&sdk=joey&type=button_count" fb-xfbml-state="rendered" href="http://www.capecod.com/newscenter/algae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth/" style="display: inline-block; position: relative;" type="button_count"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 20px; line-height: 0; position: relative; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 86px;"><iframe allowtransparency="true" class="" frameborder="0" height="1000px" name="f30067b364" scrolling="no" src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/share_button.php?app_id=188707654478&channel=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.ak.facebook.com%2Fconnect%2Fxd_arbiter%2F6Dg4oLkBbYq.js%3Fversion%3D41%23cb%3Df358613bc%26domain%3Dwww.capecod.com%26origin%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.capecod.com%252Ff3ca38392%26relation%3Dparent.parent&container_width=0&href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&locale=en_US&sdk=joey&type=button_count" style="border-style: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; position: absolute; vertical-align: bottom; visibility: visible; width: 86px;" title="fb:share_button Facebook Social Plugin" width="1000px"></iframe></span></fb:share-button></span><span class="mr_social_sharing" style="display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 2px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto;"><iframe allowtransparency="true" class="twitter-share-button twitter-tweet-button twitter-share-button twitter-count-horizontal" data-twttr-rendered="true" frameborder="0" id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets/tweet_button.969b16495674bbe6e2f655caeedb071c.en.html#_=1427266717541&count=horizontal&dnt=false&id=twitter-widget-0&lang=en&original_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&size=m&text=Algae-based%20Wastewater%20System%20in%20Development%20in%20Yarmouth&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&via=CapeCodcom" style="height: 20px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: bottom; width: 110px;" title="Twitter Tweet Button"></iframe></span><span class="mr_social_sharing" style="display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 2px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto;"><a class="PIN_1427266719745_pin_it_button_20 PIN_1427266719745_pin_it_button_en_20_gray PIN_1427266719745_pin_it_button_inline_20 PIN_1427266719745_pin_it_beside_20" data-pin-config="beside" data-pin-href="//www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?guid=uXg0eF7Hhx7V-1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&media=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Falgae-50x33.jpg&description=Algae-based+Wastewater+System+in+Development+in+Yarmouth" data-pin-log="button_pinit" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background-image: url(https://s-passets.pinimg.com/images/pidgets/pinit_bg_en_rect_gray_20_1.png) !important; background-position: 0px -20px; background-size: 40px 60px !important; color: #27c3c7; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline-block !important; height: 20px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 40px !important;"></a></span><span class="mr_social_sharing" style="display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 2px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto;"><div id="___plusone_0" style="background: transparent; border-style: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-size: 1px; height: 20px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 90px;">
<iframe data-gapiattached="true" frameborder="0" hspace="0" id="I0_1427266718991" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="I0_1427266718991" scrolling="no" src="https://apis.google.com/u/0/se/0/_/+1/fastbutton?usegapi=1&size=medium&origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&gsrc=3p&ic=1&jsh=m%3B%2F_%2Fscs%2Fapps-static%2F_%2Fjs%2Fk%3Doz.gapi.en_GB.cSpwRd106z0.O%2Fm%3D__features__%2Fam%3DIQ%2Frt%3Dj%2Fd%3D1%2Ft%3Dzcms%2Frs%3DAGLTcCOaX5xaOhgWQ6YXYtD7PF5FhqX-FQ#_methods=onPlusOne%2C_ready%2C_close%2C_open%2C_resizeMe%2C_renderstart%2Concircled%2Cdrefresh%2Cerefresh%2Conload&id=I0_1427266718991&parent=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com&pfname=&rpctoken=19050852" style="border-style: none; height: 20px; left: 0px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; position: static; top: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; visibility: visible; width: 90px;" tabindex="0" title="+1" vspace="0" width="100%"></iframe></div>
</span><span class="mr_social_sharing" style="display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 2px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto;"><a class="linksalpha_button linksalpha_link" data-button="icon_small" data-desc="YARMOUTH - A Yarmouth man long involved in trying to solve the region's water quality woes is moving forward on a pilot program in South Yarmouth that uses algae both to remove nutrients from wastewater and also to power the process. Brian Braginton-Smith, president and CEO of AquaGen Infrastructure" data-image="http://cdn.capecod.com/wp-content/uploads/algae-50x33.jpg" data-text="Algae-based Wastewater System in Development in Yarmouth" data-url="http://www.capecod.com/newscenter/algae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth/" href="http://www.linksalpha.com/social/mobile?link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecod.com%2Fnewscenter%2Falgae-based-wastewater-system-development-yarmouth%2F&title=Algae-based%20Wastewater%20System%20in%20Development%20in%20Yarmouth&body=YARMOUTH%20-%20A%20Yarmouth%20man%20long%20involved%20in%20trying%20to%20solve%20the%20region%27s%20water%20quality%20woes%20is%20moving%20forward%20on%20a%20pilot%20program%20in%20South%20Yarmouth%20that%20uses%20algae%20both%20to%20remove%20nutrients%20from%20wastewater%20and%20also%20to%20power%20the%20process.%20Brian%20Braginton-Smith%2C%20president%20and%20CEO%20of%20AquaGen%20Infrastructure&image=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.capecod.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Falgae-50x33.jpg" id="linksalpha_tag_758492809" style="-webkit-transition: none !important; background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #27c3c7; cursor: pointer !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline-block !important; filter: none !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; margin: 0px !important; mask: none !important; opacity: 1 !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; text-decoration: none; text-rendering: auto !important; text-shadow: none !important; top: auto !important; transform: none !important; transition: none !important; visibility: visible !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important; z-index: 999999 !important;" target="_blank"><img alt="Share" class="linksalpha_image" src="http://www.linksalpha.com/images/social_share_icon_small.png" style="-webkit-transition: none !important; background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; box-shadow: none !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; filter: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; mask: none !important; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1 !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; top: auto !important; transform: none !important; transition: none !important; vertical-align: text-bottom !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important; z-index: 999999 !important;" /></a></span></div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<img alt="algae" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-26136" height="200" src="http://cdn.capecod.com/wp-content/uploads/algae-300x200.jpg" style="border: 4px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 10px 15px; max-width: 100%; padding: 1px;" width="300" />YARMOUTH – A Yarmouth man long involved in trying to solve the region’s water quality woes is moving forward on a pilot program in South Yarmouth that uses algae both to remove nutrients from wastewater and also to power the process.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Brian Braginton-Smith, president and CEO of AquaGen Infrastructure Systems, is working on a facility next to the Parker’s River that is meant to treat wastewater in an environmentally friendly way that also does not burn fossil fuel for the energy supply.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
“It’s actually the first fully integrated algae-based wastewater treatment facility that I know of and it’s part of what we’re envisioning as a watershed based solution for the Parker’s River watershed,” Braginton-Smith said.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
The Cape Cod Commission has been working on updating the region’s wastewater plan, called the 208 plan, with a watershed-based solution to the region’s wastewater issues.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
“It’s got the capability to get way down on the nitrogen that comes out of the pipe,” he said referring to the need to remove as much nitrogen as possible from the wastewater so it does not pollute the region’s groundwater and estuaries.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Braginton-Smith said his process–called a photo-bioreactor–uses microscopic algae that is part of plankton in the ocean and takes advantage of its ability to consume nutrients and carbon dioxide while breathing off oxygen.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Braginton-Smith said he has been running a lab next to the Parker’s River in a greenhouse to the west of the former Zooquarium while developing the process for the last several years.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
At night, Braginton-Smith said, “It’s got sort of this purple pinkish glow that’s from the LED lighting. The photo-bioreactor is in a 24-hour photosynthesis cycle, so it’s always sort of breathing CO2 in and exhaling carbon dioxide and consuming nutrients.”</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Braginton-Smith said he envisions his process as one part of the solution to the Cape’s wastewater problem.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
“If we can remove the nutrients from the water and help to bring about the restoration of the coastal ecosystem, if we can also remove substantial volumes of CO2 from the atmosphere then we’re also having a positive impact on the atmospheric pollution,” he said.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
His idea of powering the system by converting algae to energy is a key part of the process.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
“If we’re going to be moving forward and making the decision to solve the problem of the wastewater, while we’re engaging in that solution, we should be trying to accomplish as much as we can to help to bring about more sustainable communities on Cape Cod and around the world. It just makes sense and that’s the model that we’re following,” he said.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Braginton-Smith said the initial cost for the South Yarmouth site will be $2.2 million to $4.3 million. The project has already received a $900,000 grant from the Bi-National Industrial Reserach and Development Foundation (BIRD).</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
Braginton-Smith said he expects a couple of stakeholders who would use the wastewater treatment for their properties would also contribute. “We’re the majority of the way there,” he said of funding. “We fully expect that this will be fully capitalized and moving forward.”</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
The permitting process is just beginning, he said. He estimated 18 months for the regulatory process to complete and the system to begin treating wastewater with the algae process he has developed.</div>
<div style="padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
“I’m not saying our wastewater treatment plants are going to be the salvation of the global warming, but every step that we take that consumes CO2 and sequesters it is beneficial,” he said.</div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-51377555633900256142015-03-24T23:18:00.001-07:002015-03-24T23:18:48.113-07:00Gold in faeces 'is worth millions and could save the environment'<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/23/gold-in-faeces-worth-millions-save-environment<br />
<h1 class="content__headline js-score" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Egyptian Web', 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; font-size: 2.25rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 2.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-top: 0.125rem;">
Gold in faeces 'is worth millions and could save the environment'</h1>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #767676; font-family: 'Guardian Egyptian Web', 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px;">Geologist suggests extracting precious metals from human waste would keep harmful substances out of the ground – and recover valuable objects</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #767676; font-family: 'Guardian Egyptian Web', 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Fortunes could be saved from going down the drain by extracting gold and precious metals from human excrement, scientists suggest.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Sewage sludge contains traces of gold, silver and platinum at levels that would be seen as commercially viable by traditional prospectors. “The gold we found was at the level of a minimal mineral deposit,” said Kathleen Smith, of the US Geological Survey.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Smith and her colleagues argue that extracting metals from waste could also help limit the release of harmful metals, such as lead, into the environment in fertilisers and reduce the amount of toxic sewage that has to be buried or burnt.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
“If you can get rid of some of the nuisance metals that currently limit how much of these biosolids we can use on fields and forests, and at the same time recover valuable metals and other elements, that’s a win-win,” she said.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
<a class=" u-underline" data-component="in-body-link" data-link-name="in body link" draggable="true" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es505329q" style="-webkit-transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.0625rem; color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">A previous study</a>, by Arizona State University, estimated that a city of 1 million inhabitants flushed about $13m (£8.7m) worth of precious metals down toilets and sewer drains each year.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
The task of sifting sewage for microscopic quantities of gold may sound grim, but it could have a variety of unexpected benefits over traditional gold mining. The use of powerful chemicals, called leachates, used by the industry to pull metals out of rock is controversial, because these chemicals can be devastating to ecosystems when they leak into the environment. In the controlled setting of a sewage plant, the chemicals could be used liberally without the ecological risks.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Precious metals are increasingly used in everyday products, such as shampoos, detergents and even clothes, where nanoparticles are sometimes used to limit body odour. <a class=" u-underline" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/waste" style="-webkit-transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.0625rem; color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">Waste</a> containing these metals all ends up being funnelled through sewage treatment plants, where many metals end up in the leftover solid waste. “There are metals everywhere,” Smith noted.</div>
<div class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--dfp ad-slot--inline1 ad-slot--inline" data-link-name="ad slot inline1" data-mobile-landscape="1,1|300,50|320,50|300,250" data-mobile="1,1|300,50|300,250" data-name="inline1" data-node-uid="14" data-tablet="1,1|300,250" data-test-id="ad-slot-inline1" id="dfp-ad--inline1" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #333333; float: right; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; height: 17.125rem; line-height: 24px; margin: 0.25rem auto 0.75rem 1.25rem; min-height: 4.625rem; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; width: 18.75rem; z-index: 1000;">
<div class="ad-slot__label" data-test-id="ad-slot-label" style="background-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(223, 223, 223); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.0625rem; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6e6e6e; font-family: 'Guardian Text Sans Web', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 0.5rem; text-align: right;">
Advertisement</div>
<div class="ad-slot__content" id="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/science/article/ng_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none;">
<iframe frameborder="0" height="250" id="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/science/article/ng_1" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/science/article/ng_1" scrolling="no" style="border-width: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="300"></iframe></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
More than 7m tonnes of “biosolids” come out of US sewage treatment plants each year, about half of which is burned or sent to landfill and half used as fertiliser on fields and in forests. In the UK, about 500,000 tonnes of dry sewage solids are used as fertiliser each year. The amount of waste that can be converted into fertiliser is limited, in part, by the high levels of some metals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
“We’re interested in collecting valuable metals that could be sold, including some of the more technologically important metals, such as vanadium and copper that are in cell phones, computers and alloys,” Smith said.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
To assess the viability of mining sewage, the team collected samples from small towns in the Rocky Mountains, rural communities and big cities, and used a scanning electron microscope to observe microscopic quantities of gold, silver and platinum.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
In findings presented on Monday at the <a class=" u-underline" data-component="in-body-link" data-link-name="in body link" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/meetings/spring-2015.html" style="-webkit-transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.0625rem; color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">249th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society</a> in Denver, the scientists showed that the levels of the precious levels were comparable with those found in some commercial mines.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
The eight-year study, which involved monthly testing of treated sewage samples, found that 1kg of sludge contained about 0.4mg gold, 28mg of silver, 638mg copper and 49mg vanadium.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
A sewage treatment facility in Tokyo that has already started extracting gold from sludge has reported a yield rivalling those found in ore at some leading gold mines.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Elsewhere, sewage plants are removing phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be sold as fertiliser. A Swedish treatment plant is testing the feasibility of making bioplastics from wastewater. Earlier this year, Bill Gates demonstrated his confidence in a radical sewage purification system by drinking a glass of clean water extracted from human waste."</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
----------------------</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Diatom Algae can perhaps be used to remove Gold and Silver from sewage.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;">
Diatoms have been used to remove heavy metals, so they may consume Gold and Silver too.</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-28008677175596882872015-03-02T04:48:00.002-08:002015-03-02T04:48:53.004-08:00Recycling of nutrients may be the key to saving Earth<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="story" id="headline" style="background-color: white; color: #004276; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 10px;">
<br /></h1>
<div>
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150223084055.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Fearth_climate%2Fclimate+%28Climate+News+--+ScienceDaily%29</div>
<h1 class="story" id="headline" style="background-color: white; color: #004276; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 10px;">
Recycling of nutrients may be the key to saving Earth</h1>
<br />
<div id="first" style="background-color: white; color: #070809; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-top: -2px; padding: 5px 0px;">
Leakages of nutrients necessary for food production -- especially nitrogen and phosphorus -- cause severe eutrophication to the Earth's aquatic ecosystems and promote climate change. However, this threat also hides an opportunity. An enhancement of the nutrient economy creates new business models and enables developing recycling technology into an export.</div>
<div id="text" style="background-color: white; color: #070809; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15.6000003814697px;">
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
<br />More sustainable use of nutrients and new technological innovations connected to the recycling of nutrients have been studied in the NUTS -- Transition towards Sustainable Nutrient Economy in Finland project. A globally unique nutrient footprint, which can be used to measure the use of the main nutrients, i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus, has also been developed in the project. This is a shared project of the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and the Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and it belongs to the Green Growth -- Towards a Sustainable Future programme of Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation).</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
"There are already some nutrient separation and recycling techniques available, but not all of them are presently commercially viable. For example, there is plenty of nitrogen in the atmosphere, but binding it to fertilisers is currently a highly energy-intensive process. When nitrogen is released to the atmosphere, a new input of energy is required to reutilise the released nutrient. This is wastage, and nutrients should be recycled," explains Mirja Mikkilä, the project manager of the NUTS project.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
<strong>Waste water treatment is the weakest link</strong></div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
The treatment of the waste water of communities is the weakest link of the nutrient cycle. Nutrients can be recovered from waste water, but until now, different processes have primarily been used for the recovery. However, research findings indicate that it is possible to simultaneously remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water. The reuse of nutrients is also lacking, the utilisation rate of phosphorus is less than 50 per cent and of nitrogen less than 10 per cent.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
It is possible to slow down the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea through fishing and removal of plant biomass. "For example, nutrients can be removed by fishing cyprinid fish, which also improves the populations of other fish consumed as food. Of course, required actions are always dependent on the situation, and sanitation procedures must always be cost-effective before they become commonplace," Mikkilä notes.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
According to Mikkilä, thermal processing of waste water sludge can also be used to separate nutrients and heavy metals from each other. Moreover, cultivation of algae in connection with district heating power plants and water treatment plants would be resource effective. Algae are powerful photosynthesizers.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
"Combining the production of biogas and fortified recycled nutrients is one of the key technologies for a sustainable nutrient economy. It is officially a matter of waste processing, but one in which organogenic raw material is processed into recycled nutrients used for fertilisation and into raw material for humus and biogas," Mikkilä explains.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
<strong>The food system must be changed</strong></div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
Historical development of the food system has resulted in the nutrient economy becoming established in its current, unsustainable state. It is possible to produce enough food for the 9 billion people on Earth in 2050, but this requires a radical change in both the food system and attitudes. There is a need for more vegetarian and seasonal food and for local recycling. Furthermore, food wastage must be contained and side streams of food must be utilised by recycling nutrients back into food production.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
"We should be able to perform global division of labour and introduce in vitro meat, grasshoppers and worms into our diets. The global transportation of fresh produce is also ineffective. In the future, dried food will be transported instead of water. All in all, such combinations would make the food selection fairly versatile," Mikkilä considers.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
According to Mikkilä, there are bottlenecks based on institutional structures, the market economy and people's set of values that slow down the transition towards the recycling and fair use of nutrients, and she evaluates that changing the system will take 20 to 30 years"</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
Comment -</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
Unfortunately there is no mention of use of the nutrients in sewage to grow algae for use a fish feed.</div>
<div style="padding: 5px 0px;">
This is the simplest way to recycle nutrients.<br />.</div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-36324498438529153672014-12-15T18:20:00.000-08:002014-12-15T18:20:02.076-08:00Two new diatom species found in Lonar lake<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; width: 650px;">
<span class="arttle" style="display: block; padding: 0px;"><h1 style="display: inline; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #393939; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif; font-size: small;">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Two-new-diatom-species-found-in-Lonar-lake/articleshow/45517325.cms</span></h1>
</span><span class="arttle" style="display: block; padding: 0px;"><h1 style="display: inline; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #393939; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><br /></span></h1>
</span><span class="arttle" style="color: #3f3f3f; display: block; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 36px; font-weight: lighter; line-height: 30px; padding: 0px;"><h1 style="color: #393939; display: inline; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Two new diatom species found in Lonar lake</h1>
</span></div>
<span class="byline" style="background-color: white; color: #999999; display: inline-block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 10px; line-height: 20px; padding: 10px 0px;"><span class="imghov" style="position: relative; top: 4px;"><span id="auim"></span></span><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Meenakshi-Rohatgi.cms" rel="author" style="color: #336797; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">Meenakshi Rohatgi</a>, TNN <span style="font-size: 9px;">|</span> Dec 15, 2014, 05.10AM IST</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 5px;">
<div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div class="clearFix pb_mt" id="sharebarx_new">
<div style="float: left; width: 130px;">
<iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FTwo-new-diatom-species-found-in-Lonar-lake%2Farticleshow%2F45517325.cms&width&layout=button_count&action=like&show_faces=true&share=true&height=21&appId=117787264903013" style="border-style: none; height: 21px; overflow: hidden;"></iframe></div>
<div class="tiwt1" id="twtdiv1" style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;">
<iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/tweet_button.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FTwo-new-diatom-species-found-in-Lonar-lake%2Farticleshow%2F45517325.cms&count=horizontal&text=Two%20new%20diatom%20species%20found%20in%20Lonar%20lake" style="height: 20px; width: 90px;"></iframe></div>
<div class="floatleft wd70" style="float: left; width: 65px;">
<div id="___plusone_0" style="background: transparent; border-style: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-size: 1px; height: 20px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 90px;">
<iframe data-gapiattached="true" frameborder="0" hspace="0" id="I0_1418695868238" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="I0_1418695868238" scrolling="no" src="https://apis.google.com/u/0/se/0/_/+1/fastbutton?usegapi=1&size=medium&origin=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FTwo-new-diatom-species-found-in-Lonar-lake%2Farticleshow%2F45517325.cms&gsrc=3p&ic=1&jsh=m%3B%2F_%2Fscs%2Fapps-static%2F_%2Fjs%2Fk%3Doz.gapi.en_GB.Rl3khARhy6E.O%2Fm%3D__features__%2Fam%3DAQ%2Frt%3Dj%2Fd%3D1%2Ft%3Dzcms%2Frs%3DAGLTcCNrKDjzvZ6U_MKf1A7GEtqMvBg4Pw#_methods=onPlusOne%2C_ready%2C_close%2C_open%2C_resizeMe%2C_renderstart%2Concircled%2Cdrefresh%2Cerefresh%2Conload&id=I0_1418695868238&parent=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com&pfname=&rpctoken=59842382" style="border-style: none; height: 20px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; position: static; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 90px;" tabindex="0" title="+1" vspace="0" width="100%"></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floatleft tt pad_r5" style="color: #3ca3ff; float: left; font-weight: bold; position: relative; width: 100px; z-index: 24;">
<a class="txt_d_none" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="color: #336797; float: left;"></a><div style="width: 113px;">
<a class="txt_d_none" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="color: #336797; float: left;"><span class="IN-widget" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="display: inline-block !important; font-size: 1px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important;"><span id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0" style="display: block !important; overflow: visible !important; position: relative !important;"></span></span></span></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0-link" style="border: 0px !important; color: #336797; display: inline-block !important; float: left; height: 20px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0-logo" style="background-image: url(https://static.licdn.com/scds/common/u/images/apps/connect/sprites/sprite_connect_v14.png) !important; background-position: 0px -276px !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 2px !important; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; float: right !important; height: 20px !important; left: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; text-indent: -9999em !important; top: 0px !important; width: 20px !important;">in</span><span id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0-title" style="background-color: rgb(236, 236, 236) !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(254, 254, 254) 0%, rgb(236, 236, 236) 100%) !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(185, 185, 185) !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-right-color: rgb(191, 191, 191) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 2px !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; float: left !important; height: 18px !important; margin-left: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px 4px 0px 23px !important; text-align: center !important; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px 0px !important; vertical-align: top !important; white-space: nowrap !important;"><span id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0-mark" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 0px !important;"></span><span id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868590_0-title-text" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; background: none transparent !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial, sans-serif !important; font-size: 11px !important; height: 18px !important; vertical-align: top !important;">Share</span></span></a><span style="display: inline-block !important; font-size: 1px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important;"><span class="IN-right IN-hidden" id="li_ui_li_gen_1418695868642_1-container" style="cursor: pointer !important; display: inline-block !important; float: left !important; height: 18px !important; line-height: 1px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding-left: 2px !important; position: relative !important;"></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section1" style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<div class="Normal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
PUNE: Scientists have discovered two new species of diatoms - a kind of algae - at Lonar Lake in Buldhana district in Maharashra.<br /><br />Though the environment of soda lakes is usually considered hostile for living beings, often many photosynthesizing organisms like algae, including diatoms are recorded in these places. The Lonar crater lake is a unique saline soda lake formed when a meteor struck around 50,000 years ago, and the discovery of new species points to the thriving biodiversity of the lake.<br /><br />Karthick Balasubramanian, a scientist in the plant division at Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) and one of the four researchers who discovered these species, explained that diatoms are one of the most ecologically significant group of organisms and each species is specific to their environment with unique characteristics. "These two species were found to be extremely pollution-tolerant, indicating the presence of large quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphate in the water body," he said.</div>
<div class="Normal" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<br />Scientists from city-based ARI have been studying the microbial biodiversity of this ancient lake for more than a decade.<br /><br />The two species are named Nitzschia kociolekii and Nitzschia tripudio. The first species is named afterProfessor J Patrick Kociolek, of the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, a known face of diatom research.<br /><br />"Diatoms are special types of algae that live inside 'glass houses' - they have hard outer shells made of silicon and oxygen, the same elements that make up glass," Balasubramanian said. These outer casings are made of two half cylinders that fit together like a jewellery box. Inside is a single celled organism that can carry out photosynthesis and they are responsible for almost one fourth of the oxygen produced on Earth.<br /><br />The other scientists involved in the study were Alakananda Batni from Gubbi Labs, Bangalore, Paul B Hamilton from Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada and Jonathan C Taylor associated with North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.<br /><br />The species are characterized by minute structures on its surface, known as areolae on diatom valves, that helps in exchange of gases and nutrients. The areolae and the valve shape state the evolutionary pattern of common species due to extreme environments like saline conditions and nutrients.<br /><br />"This discovery is also significant as this is a relatively unexplored region of peninsular India," Balasubramanian added. "These species also show environmental importance and can be used as biological indicators, as they thrive in polluted regions and could be endemic to Peninsular India."<br /><br />Another species of the same organism, Nitzschia williamsii, was recently described from Bangalore lakes by the same team and has also been recorded from Lonar Lake. This indicates that several extreme waterbodies in India, like Mangrove forests, estuaries, and waterfalls, might harbor numerous species endemic to Peninsular India.</div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-5485717529552107592014-12-05T02:50:00.000-08:002014-12-05T02:50:19.162-08:00Newsweek cover - Planet Reboot: Fighting Climate Change With Geoengineering<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
http://www.newsweek.com/2014/12/12/can-geoengineering-save-earth-289124.html?piano_t=1<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Planet Reboot: Fighting Climate Change With Geoengineering</span><br />
<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px;">
Walking the Plankton</h2>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin-bottom: 17px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 15px; width: 646.65625px;">
The world’s oceans have countless tiny organisms called phytoplankton. Also known as microalgae, these itty-bitty plants eat carbon dioxide from the water and release oxygen into the ocean as a by-product. Once the phytoplankton blooms take up the carbon from the ocean’s surface, they sink down to the deep ocean, where the carbon is effectively sequestered. They’re so productive that scientists think phytoplankton produce about 50 percent of the oxygen humans breathe.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin-bottom: 17px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 15px; width: 646.65625px;">
If we could get phytoplankton to boost their uptake of carbon, it could have a huge global impact—and would be very simple to do. When the tiny plants get a boost of nutrients from the water around them, they eat a lot more carbon. And right now the oceans of the world are low in one particular nutrient—iron—although scientists aren’t sure why. So the phytoplankton aren’t nearly as active as they could be. In fact, when big storms blow iron-rich dust into the oceans, satellites see evidence of phytoplankton blooms in areas where they normally aren’t visible.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin-bottom: 17px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 15px; width: 646.65625px;">
Over the past decade there have been more than 12 small-scale experiments in which scientists (and one rogue California businessman named Russ George) dumped iron dust into the ocean to test the hypothesis that phytoplankton could be triggered to wake up and start devouring mass quantities of carbon. All of the experiments (except George’s) showed that there was some benefit to seeding the ocean with iron.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin-bottom: 17px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 15px; width: 646.65625px;">
Victor Smetacek, a biological oceanographer at Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, contributed to one such study in 2009. Though he says there needs to be a lot more research into ocean seeding, he believes it’s a very promising option. “I’m talking about using a natural mechanism that has already proven itself,” Smetacek says. “We need to harness the biosphere and see where we can apply levers to lift the carpet and sweep some of the carbon under.”</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.25px; list-style: none outside none; margin-bottom: 17px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 15px; width: 646.65625px;">
<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px;" />Oddly, however, the ocean-seeding option seems to be a controversial one. Smetacek says that although he believes strongly in its benefits, it has never been a popular option among climate scientists. “This ocean iron fertilization is highly unpopular with technocratic geoengineers because it involves biology. But we have to get the biosphere to help,” he says. “The only thing we can do is try and nudge the biosphere as much as possible and try to open up as many carbon sinks as possible.”</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-74128491503319018642014-12-03T19:30:00.000-08:002014-12-03T19:30:20.541-08:00Researching diatoms as insulation material<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/researching-diatoms-insulation-material/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AlgaeIndustryMagazine+%28Algae+Industry+Magazine%29<br />
<br />
<h1 style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
Researching diatoms as insulation material</h1>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<em>December 2, 2014</em><br /><a href="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;">AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com</a></div>
<div class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_24756" style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); color: #333333; float: right; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; padding: 4px 0px 5px; text-align: center; width: 360px;">
<img alt="Dr. Mufit Akinc is leading a research effort to find and develop better insulation materials for buildings, appliances and other heating and cooling applications. Photo by the Iowa Energy Center." class="size-full wp-image-24756" height="260" src="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/MufitAkincIowa.jpg" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;" width="350" /><div class="wp-caption-text" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0px;">
Dr. Mufit Akinc is leading a research effort to find and develop better insulation materials for buildings, appliances and other heating and cooling applications. Photo by the Iowa Energy Center.</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<img alt="D" class="size-full wp-image-5559 alignleft" height="56" src="http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/ddropcaps.jpg" style="display: inline; float: left; margin: 5px 3px -3px 0px; padding: 0px;" title="D dropcap" width="56" />r. Mufit Akinc, a professor of<a href="http://www.mse.iastate.edu/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">materials science and engineering</a> at Iowa State University, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s <a href="https://www.ameslab.gov/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Ames Laboratory</a>, are working to develop next-generation insulation materials for freezers, refrigerated trucks, buildings and other heating and cooling applications.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
The idea is to replace traditional insulating materials such as foam, fiberglass and synthetic silica with better materials. Akinc figures the improvements could lead to hundreds of millions of dollars in energy savings. “This study will contribute directly to energy savings in Iowa and beyond,” Dr. Akinc wrote in a project summary.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Back in his Hoover Hall lab, Dr. Akinc and graduate students Landi Zhong and Boyce Chang are working with the support of a two-year, $76,960 grant from the <a href="http://www.iowaenergycenter.org/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Iowa Energy Center</a>. Mark Petri, director of the Energy Center, said the grant is part of the center’s new effort to help Iowa researchers compete for much larger research grants.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
“The Iowa Energy Center is funded by the state of Iowa to support economic development through advances in renewable energy and energy efficiency,” Petri said. “Anything we can do to improve thermal insulation of buildings would go far to improve energy conservation in the United States.”</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Dr. Akinc and his students have focused their attention on vacuum insulation panels. The panels are just an inch or so thick and filled with an insulating powder that’s vacuum-sealed inside a foil cover. The vacuum enhances the insulating properties of the powder by eliminating the air molecules that can transfer heat. That’s how an inch-thick panel can provide as much insulating power as 10 inches of foam.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Dr. Akinc said the most common powder inside the panels is fumed silica, a synthetic nano-sized particle made from sand. But it’s expensive to make. And that makes the panels pricey for some applications, especially insulating homes and buildings. “The insulation industry is very cost-conscious and competitive – and right now the issue is cost.”</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
That has Dr. Akinc and his research group studying the porosity, surface area, density and other characteristics of low-cost alternatives, including glass fiber, fly ash, glass bubbles and diatomite. The most promising material so far is diatomite, the fossilized remains of single-celled algae called diatoms.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Diatoms have silica cell walls and grow just about anywhere there is water and sunshine. The skeletons they leave behind create diatomite. It’s inexpensive and filled with nanopores, just the material he has been working to find.</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Dr. Akinc will soon be studying the material with an even bigger research team. The Iowa Energy Center has awarded another $20,000 to support the work of two more Iowa State researchers, Ulrike Passe, an associate professor of <a href="http://www.design.iastate.edu/architecture/index.php" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">architecture</a>, and Ganesh Balasubramanian, an assistant professor of <a href="http://www.me.iastate.edu/" style="color: #b2265d; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">mechanical engineering</a>. They’ll collect data about the new material’s potential energy savings and manufacturability.</div>
<div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-24382764812147067042014-11-25T21:46:00.000-08:002014-11-25T21:46:30.167-08:00Breakthrough Nanotechnology to Greatly Reduce Pond Maintenance<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.pondtrademag.com/tradenews/tn-2023/<br />
<br />
<h1 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 0px;">
Breakthrough Nanotechnology to Greatly Reduce Pond Maintenance</h1>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
Release Date: November 25th, 2014</div>
<div class="figure" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; padding: 1px;">
<a href="http://www.pondtrademag.com/img/tradenews/2023/PR_nualgi_web.jpg" style="color: blue; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="320" src="http://www.pondtrademag.com/img/tradenews/2023/standard/PR_nualgi_web.jpg" style="border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
It is not every day we come across a product that will save you so much time in your pond cleaning routine. Using the power of Diatoms a natural bio filter, Nualgi Ponds stimulates the growth of these microorganisms that give off O2 and consume C02 for healthier and happier fish.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
For the past year, Nualgi has been naturally reducing algae in ponds and aquariums across the world with positive reports stating, “I haven’t experienced such a rapid change in all my years…that very dark green thick water in my 3000 gallon holding pond cleared by 60% in less than 14 hours”</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
<strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nualgi Ponds Naturally Improves the Aquatic Food Chain</strong><br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />It creates a natural micro food chain that is beneficial to both koi Fish and aquatic plants and even contributes to reducing detritus levels in the pond. Some users experience overnight effects while others wait about 5 weeks depending on the light that the pond receives. After you begin dosing Nualgi the savings will begin to amount as a direct result of not having to buy all the different chemicals. Nualgi’s formula is certified non-toxic by the Indian Institute of Toxicology Research and has successfully been used in large lakes and rivers in India for over ten years. However, adoption in the United States has been limited to private buyers of their Nualgi Aquarium & Nualgi Ponds products due to regulatory approval procedures.</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
<strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Fight to Eliminate Global Water Pollution</strong><br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Taking the first major step towards getting the United States to approve Nualgi’s use in fighting the water pollution in our lakes, rivers, bays, and oceans, Nualgi has secured facilities and a team of research scientists from Mississippi State University to perform a yearlong study. This double-blind study will be led by the aquaculture and fisheries staff at MSU to review Nualgi’s safety and effectiveness at reducing water pollution and improving water conditions in a commercial aquaculture setting. Independent aquaculture consultant and leader of the research study, Tom Frese, founder of AquaSol, Inc., is encouraged by the possibilities of large-scale application of this type of nanotechnology. "Water quality management in aquaculture is critical to environmental sustainability as well as commercial success. Nualgi is a promising and rather unique product that has the potential to be an important tool in every farm manager’s toolbox. We look forward to leading the independent study of Nualgi's products in aquaculture."</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
<strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Help Fund Vital Research for Aquaculture</strong><br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />To help fund the Mississippi State University research study and allow Nualgi to begin treating harmful algae blooms in public waterways, they launched a Kickstarter campaign that will run for two weeks, from Nov. 24th - Dec, 8th 2014. The goal of the campaign is to raise awareness as well as generate $100,000 to fund the double-blind research study at MSU. The possibilities are endless for this technology with long term goals including waste water treatment, food processors, aquaculture, foliar fertilizers and beyond. For the pond maintenance professional this product is revolutionary for fish health/vibrancy, plant growth, algae removal, and overall water quality management. Include this new technology to take advantage of the benefits immediately in your ponds for less maintenance, healthier fish, and severely less algae buildup!</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
<strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nualgi America, Inc.</strong> is the licensed distributor of Nualgi™ products in North America and the maker of Nualgi AquariumTM & Nualgi PondsTM. Support Nualgi and their mission to improve the world’s waterways at the source by donating to their Kickstarter campaign at http://kck.st/11Lt5ES</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 25px;">
For more information contact:<br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Andrew Rowland<br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />619/630-0614<br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />press@nualgiponds.com</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-20923060827889136782014-09-30T19:16:00.002-07:002014-09-30T19:16:54.186-07:00Great Video about Diatoms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
<span style="background: rgb(245, 245, 255); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Video - </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f5f5ff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #cc0000; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://vimeo.com/90160649" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" target="_blank">The Diatomist on Vimeo</a></span><br />
<br />
<header id="page_header" style="color: #71767a; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="video_meta" style="float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 820px;">
<h1 class="js-clip_title" itemprop="name" style="color: #445566; font-size: 36px; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The Diatomist</h1>
<div class="byline" style="color: rgb(157, 162, 168) !important; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
from <a href="http://vimeo.com/user2339296" rel="author" style="color: #112233; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none;">Matthew Killip</a> <a data-click-tracked="tracked" data-ga-event-click="button|plus_badge_click|plus" href="http://vimeo.com/plus" style="color: #112233; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none;" tabindex="-1" title="Learn more about Vimeo Plus"><span class="badge_plus" style="background-color: #daf1ff; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgb(178, 220, 245); color: rgb(68, 187, 255) !important; display: inline-block; font-size: 9px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 11px; padding: 1px 1px 0px; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039) 1px 1px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">PLUS</span></a> <time data-timeago="6 months ago" data-title="Wednesday, March 26, 2014 at 4:42 PM" datetime="2014-03-26T16:42:02-04:00" style="cursor: default; font-size: 11px;" title="Wednesday, March 26, 2014 at 4:42 PM">6 months ago</time> <span class="meta" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="badge_rating safe" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgb(207, 199, 192); color: #c4bab1; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; line-height: 11px; margin-left: 3px; padding: 1px 3px 0px; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039) 1px 1px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">ALL AUDIENCES</span></span></div>
</div>
</header><div class="description_wrapper" style="color: #71767a; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="js-clip_description description" data-expand-tooltip="Click to expand description" itemprop="description" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; max-height: 9999px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="first" style="padding: 0px;">
THE DIATOMIST is a short documentary about Klaus Kemp, master of the Victorian art of diatom arrangement.</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Diatoms are single cell algae that create jewel-like glass shells around themselves. Microscopists of the Victorian era would arrange them into complex patterns, invisible to the naked eye but spectacular when viewed under magnification.The best of these arrangements are stunning technical feats that reveal the hidden grandeur of some of the smallest organisms on Earth. Klaus Kemp has devoted his entire life to understanding and perfecting diatom arrangement and he is now acknowledged as the last great practitioner of this beautiful combination of art and science. THE DIATOMIST showcases his incredible work.</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Soundtrack by Ryuichi Sakamoto, Bernard Herrmann and Cults Percussion Ensemble.</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
MATTHEW KILLIP is an English filmmaker living in New York. His documentaries have been broadcast on UK television and exhibited in festivals including Sundance and True/False.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-4482221063715444502014-09-23T22:57:00.001-07:002014-09-23T22:57:36.917-07:00Shift in Arabian Sea Plankton May Threaten Fisheries<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
<span style="color: #303030; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">This is one of the few reports that clearly state that Diatoms have declined and other phytoplankton have increased.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<span style="color: #303030; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<span style="color: #303030; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/articles/view/3189</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<span style="color: #303030; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
<h1 id="pageTitle" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 2px 0px 6px;">
Shift in Arabian Sea Plankton May Threaten Fisheries</h1>
<div>
<h3 id="pageSubtitle" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 6px;">
Growing "Dead Zone" Could Short-Circuit Food Chain</h3>
<div class="pubDate" style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">
2014-09-09<div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style" style="float: right;">
<a class="addthis_button_facebook addthis_button_preferred_1 at300b" href="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/articles/view/3189#" style="color: #1561ad; cursor: pointer; float: left; padding: 0px 2px; text-decoration: none;" title="Facebook"><span class="at16nc at300bs at15nc at15t_facebook at16t_facebook" style="background: url(http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget/img/widget005.old.16.icons.png) 0px -1264px no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px !important; overflow: hidden; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">Share on facebook</span></span></a><a class="addthis_button_print addthis_button_preferred_2 at300b" href="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/articles/view/3189#" style="color: #1561ad; cursor: pointer; float: left; padding: 0px 2px; text-decoration: none;" title="Print"><span class="at16nc at300bs at15nc at15t_print at16t_print" style="background: url(http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget/img/widget005.old.16.icons.png) 0px -3200px no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px !important; overflow: hidden; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">Share on print</span></span></a><a class="addthis_button_twitter addthis_button_preferred_3 at300b" href="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/articles/view/3189#" style="color: #1561ad; cursor: pointer; float: left; padding: 0px 2px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tweet"><span class="at16nc at300bs at15nc at15t_twitter at16t_twitter" style="background: url(http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget/img/widget005.old.16.icons.png) 0px -4208px no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px !important; overflow: hidden; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">Share on twitter</span></span></a><a class="addthis_button_compact at300m" href="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/articles/view/3189#" style="color: #1561ad; cursor: pointer; float: left; padding: 0px 2px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="at16nc at300bs at15nc at15t_compact at16t_compact" style="background: url(http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget/img/widget005.old.16.icons.png) 0px -80px no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px !important; margin-right: 4px; overflow: hidden; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">More Sharing Services</span></span></a><div class="atclear" style="clear: both;">
</div>
</div>
<div id="_atssh" style="border: 0px !important; height: 1px; position: absolute; visibility: hidden; width: 1px; z-index: 100000;">
<iframe id="_atssh56" src="http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/sh173.html#iit=1411538158973&tmr=load%3D1411538153869%26core%3D1411538154698%26main%3D1411538158878%26ifr%3D1411538159007&cb=0&cdn=1&chr=UTF-8&kw=&ab=-&dh=www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu&dr=&du=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthinstitute.columbia.edu%2Farticles%2Fview%2F3189&dt=Shift%20in%20Arabian%20Sea%20Plankton%20May%20Threaten%20Fisheries%20-%20The%20Earth%20Institute%20-%20Columbia%20University&dbg=0&md=0&cap=tc%3D0%26ab%3D0&inst=1&vcl=1&jsl=8225&prod=undefined&lng=en-US&ogt=&pc=men&pub=eiwebteam&ssl=0&sid=54225cea78c31789&srpl=1&srcs=1&srd=1&srf=1&srx=1&ver=300&xck=0&xtr=0&og=&aa=0&csi=undefined&rev=5.3&ct=1&xld=1&xd=1" style="border-width: 0px; height: 1px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 1px; z-index: 100000;" title="AddThis utility frame"></iframe></div>
</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
A growing "dead zone" in the middle of the Arabian Sea has allowed plankton uniquely suited to low- oxygen water to take over the base of the food chain. Their rise to dominance over the last decade could be disastrous for the predator fish that sustain 120 million people living on the sea's edge.</div>
<div class="img-right" style="color: #424242; float: right; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 16px; width: 300px;">
<img alt="The rise of <em>Noctiluca scintillans </em>at the base of the Arabian Sea food chain threatens fisheries in Oman and other countries bordering the sea. (Joaquim Goes)" border="0" src="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/sitefiles/image/press_room/press_releases/2014/Fish-Market-Oman.jpg" style="max-width: 500px;" width="300" /><div class="small" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16.05500030517578px; padding: 6px 4px 4px;">
The rise of <em>Noctiluca scintillans </em>at the base of the Arabian Sea food chain threatens fisheries in Oman and other countries bordering the sea. (Joaquim Goes)</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Scientists at Columbia University's <a href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory</a> and their colleagues are the first to document the rapid rise of green <em>Noctiluca scintillans, </em>an unusual dinoflagellate that eats other plankton and draws energy from the sun via microscopic algae living within its cells. <em>Noctiluca's </em>thick blooms color the Arabian Sea an emerald green each winter, from the shores of Oman on the west, to India and Pakistan on the east.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
In a study published this week in <em>Nature Communications</em>, the researchers show how the millions of green algae living within <em>Noctiluca's </em>cells allow it to exploit an oxygen-starved dead zone the size of Texas. They hypothesize that a tide of nutrient-rich sewage flowing from booming cities on the Arabian Sea is expanding the dead zone and feeding <em>Noctiluca's</em> growth.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
"These blooms are massive, appear year after year, and could be devastating to the Arabian Sea ecosystem over the long-term," said the study's lead author, <a href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/helga" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">Helga do Rosario Gomes</a>, a biogeochemist at Lamont-Doherty.</div>
<div class="img-left" style="color: #424242; float: left; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-right: 16px; width: 300px;">
<img alt="Winter blooms of <em>Noctiluca</em> are so vast they can be seen from space. (Norman Kuring, NASA)" border="0" src="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/sitefiles/image/press_room/press_releases/2014/NASA-Noctiluca-bloom.jpg" style="max-width: 500px;" width="300" /><div class="small" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16.05500030517578px; padding: 6px 4px 4px;">
Winter blooms of <em>Noctiluca</em> are so vast they can be seen from space. (Norman Kuring, NASA)</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Until recently, photosynthetic diatoms supported the Arabian Sea food chain. Zooplankton grazed on the diatoms, a type of algae, and were in turn eaten by fish. In the early 2000s, it all changed. The researchers began to see vast blooms of<em>Noctiluca</em> and a steep drop in diatoms and dissolved oxygen in the water column. Within a decade, <em>Noctiluca</em> had virtually replaced diatoms at the base of the food chain, marking the start of a colossal ecosystem shift.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Green <em>Noctiluca</em> lives in the tropics while its close relative, red <em>Noctiluca scintillans</em>, whose blooms can sometimes kill fish with their high ammonia content, prefers temperate waters. Green<em> Noctiluca </em>is remarkably willing to eat anything. It feeds on other plankton, living or dead, flushing diatoms and other plankton into its gullet with a flick of its flagellum. It also draws energy from the millions of green algae, or "endosymbionts," living within its transparent cell walls. The algae fix carbon from sunlight and pass the energy, like rent, on to their host.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
A varied diet gives <em>Noctiluca</em> its edge. "They can swim down to find nutrients, up to find light, and they can eat other small organisms," said Sharon Smith, a plankton ecologist at the University of Miami who works in the Arabian Sea but was not involved in the study.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="375" mozallowfullscreen="" src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/104527669" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="500"></iframe></div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
To understand the key to <em>Noctiluca</em>'s success, the researchers spent three successive winters aboard the Indian research ship <em>Sagar Sampada, </em>starting in 2009. Sailing off the coast of Goa, they sampled blooms and performed experiments.<strong> </strong>Putting <em>Noctiluca</em>and itsdiatom competitors in oxygen-starved water they found that <em>Noctiluca's</em> carbon-fixation rate rose by up to 300 percent while the diatoms' fell by nearly as much. They also found <em>Noctiluca </em>grew faster in light than in dark, thanks to its sun-loving endosymbiont-algae, which are thought to have evolved 1.3 billion years ago on an oxygen-scarce Earth.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The researchers tried to also identify <em>Noctiluca's </em>predators. They had heard reports of Omani fishermen seeing more gelatinous<strong> </strong>salps, jellyfish and sea turtles. Could they be eating the <em>Noctiluca?</em> Scooping up several salps from the sea, the researchers dropped them into buckets of seawater thick with <em>Noctiluca </em>blooms. In an hour, the water became visibly clearer. By measuring the drop in chlorophyll, the researchers estimated that one salp can polish off about two-thirds of a bucket of <em>Noctiluca</em> in an hour. </div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
"They chowed on <em>Noctiluca</em>, like rabbits in a lettuce patch," said Gomes. "This is a creature that few other marine animals want to eat."</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
<em>Noctiluca</em> is too big for the crustacean grazers that normally feed on diatoms, leading to concerns that it could spawn an alternate food chain lacking the predator fish people like to eat. Many fisheries in the Arabian Sea are already on a slow decline. Eighty-five percent of fishermen surveyed in the fishing-dependent states of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra in India<strong> </strong>reported a smaller catch from 20 years and 12 years earlier, according to a <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9202583&fileId=S0030605312001251" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">2014 study</a> in the journal <em>Oryx</em>. Similarly, a rise in puffer fish off the coast of the Indian state of Kerala has been attributed to a crash in predator cobia fish since 2007, according to a <a href="http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/04/0426.pdf" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">2013 study</a> in <em>Current Science</em>. In Oman, the catch of large fish fell 18 percent in 2013 from the year before, the Times of Oman <a href="http://www.timesofoman.com/news/Article-28882.aspx" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">reported.</a></div>
<div class="img-right" style="color: #424242; float: right; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 16px; width: 300px;">
<img alt="When Noctiluca isn't feasting on plankton, it grabs free energy from the millions of green algae living within its cells. (Joaquim Goes)" border="0" src="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/sitefiles/image/press_room/press_releases/2014/Noctiluca-1.jpg" style="max-width: 500px;" width="300" /><div class="small" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16.05500030517578px; padding: 6px 4px 4px;">
When Noctiluca isn't feasting on plankton, it grabs free energy from the millions of green algae living within its cells. (Joaquim Goes)</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
Whether <em>Noctiluca</em> or overfishing is to blame, one major factor stands out: massive sewage flows into the Arabian Sea as the coastal population has exploded. As the study authors point out, Mumbai's population has doubled to 21 million in the last decade. The region now sends 63 tons of nitrogen and 11 tons of phosphorus into the Arabian Sea each day. Karachi's 15 million people send 70 percent of their wastewater into the sea untreated. Much of the fertilizer used to boost yields on farms in South Asia also eventually washes into rivers that drain into the sea.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
"All of these cities are growing so rapidly they don't have the capacity to treat their sewage," said study coauthor <a href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/jig" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">Joaquim Goes</a>, a biogeochemist at Lamont-Doherty. "The amount of material being discharged is humongous."</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
From the Gulf of Mexico to Chesapeake Bay, dead zones and degraded fisheries are on the rise globally. Doubling in size each decade, and now covering more than 95,000 square miles, they are "probably a key stressor on marine ecosystems," according to<a href="http://owpubauthor.epa.gov/type/watersheds/named/msbasin/upload/2008_08_15_msbasin_diaz_article.pdf" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">a 2008 study</a> in Science. Shifting ocean currents due to climate change can make the problem worse by dredging up nutrients from the ocean bottom.</div>
<div class="img-left" style="color: #424242; float: left; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-right: 16px; width: 300px;">
<img alt="The Arabian Sea fishery may already be in decline. In Goa, India, women sort through the morning catch. (Joaquim Goes)" border="0" src="http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/sitefiles/image/press_room/press_releases/2014/Goa-catch.jpg" style="max-width: 500px;" width="300" /><div class="small" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16.05500030517578px; padding: 6px 4px 4px;">
The Arabian Sea fishery may already be in decline. In Goa, India, women sort through the morning catch. (Joaquim Goes)</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
In the Arabian Sea, stronger summer monsoon winds have boosted algae growth by bringing more nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface. In a<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845852" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">2005 study</a> in Science, Goes, Gomes and colleagues showed that biomass from summer blooms off Somalia, Yemen and Oman, jumped nearly 350 percent between 1997 and 2004. They hypothesize that receding snow cover in the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau is making the Indian subcontinent hotter in summer compared to the Arabian Sea, strengthening the winds that blow toward India, bringing up more nutrients off Somalia, Yemen and Oman.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The researchers expected gentler monsoon winds in winter, as the process reversed itself, leading to fewer algae blooms. But NASA satellite maps showed just the opposite: more winter blooms. After several years of sampling what they thought were sporadic <em>Noctiluca</em> blooms, the researchers realized in 2006 that the blooms seen from space were not diatoms but recurring <em>Noctiluca </em>blooms.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
They wondered if falling oxygen levels could explain the diatom-to-<em>Noctiluca</em> shift. Sure enough, the experiments aboard the<em>Sagar Sampada</em> seemed toconfirm their hypothesis.</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The study has attributed much of <em>Noctiluca</em>'s rise to growing sewage flows into the Arabian Sea, an intriguing connection that should be followed up on, says <a href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/andyjuhl" style="color: #1561ad; text-decoration: none;">Andrew Juhl</a>, a microbiologist at Lamont-Doherty who was not involved in the study. "It's unusual for <em>Noctiluca</em> to bloom in the open sea and return year after year," he said "All of these observations suggest that something dramatic has changed in the Arabian Sea."</div>
<div style="color: #424242; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px;">
The study was funded by the National Science Foundation, NASA, Indian Space Research Organization and India's Council of Industrial Research. Other authors: Prabhu Matondkar, National Institute of Oceanography in Goa; Edward Buskey, University of Texas at Austin; Subhajit Basu, Goa University; Sushma Parab, Kent State University and Prasad Thoppil, Stennis Space Center.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #303030; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-36321339718735141762014-08-15T22:32:00.001-07:002014-08-15T22:32:25.876-07:00Rising CO2 Levels Will Intensify Phytoplankton Blooms in Eutrophic and Hypertrophic Lakes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0104325</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h1 datatype="" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dc:title" rel="dc:type" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'FS Albert Web Regular', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 27px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px;">
Rising CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> Levels Will Intensify Phytoplankton Blooms in Eutrophic and Hypertrophic Lakes</h1>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'FS Albert Web Regular', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
Abstract</h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.p1" name="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.p1" style="background-color: white; color: #3c63af; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.0049991607666px;"></a><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.0049991607666px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px;">
Harmful algal blooms threaten the water quality of many eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes and cause severe ecological and economic damage worldwide. Dense blooms often deplete the dissolved CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> concentration and raise pH. Yet, quantitative prediction of the feedbacks between phytoplankton growth, CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> drawdown and the inorganic carbon chemistry of aquatic ecosystems has received surprisingly little attention. Here, we develop a mathematical model to predict dynamic changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH and alkalinity during phytoplankton bloom development. We tested the model in chemostat experiments with the freshwater cyanobacterium <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> at different CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> levels. The experiments showed that dense blooms sequestered large amounts of atmospheric CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span>, not only by their own biomass production but also by inducing a high pH and alkalinity that enhanced the capacity for DIC storage in the system. We used the model to explore how phytoplankton blooms of eutrophic waters will respond to rising CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> levels. The model predicts that (1) dense phytoplankton blooms in low- and moderately alkaline waters can deplete the dissolved CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span>concentration to limiting levels and raise the pH over a relatively wide range of atmospheric CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span>conditions, (2) rising atmospheric CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> levels will enhance phytoplankton blooms in low- and moderately alkaline waters with high nutrient loads, and (3) above some threshold, rising atmospheric CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> will alleviate phytoplankton blooms from carbon limitation, resulting in less intense CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> depletion and a lesser increase in pH. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the model predictions were qualitatively robust. Quantitatively, the predictions were sensitive to variation in lake depth, DIC input and CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> gas transfer across the air-water interface, but relatively robust to variation in the carbon uptake mechanisms of phytoplankton. In total, these findings warn that rising CO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.8ex; vertical-align: 0px;">2</span> levels may result in a marked intensification of phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic and hypertrophic waters.</div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-52730191376489007442014-07-15T21:05:00.000-07:002014-07-15T21:05:25.011-07:00Haida Salmon Restoration - Iron Fertilization experiment 2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Today, the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation<br /><<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/a8181680e6d61794e2" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>a8181680e6d61794e2</a>>(HSRC) released their full<br />oceanographic dataset under an Open Database License (ODbL<br /><<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/75e36c961e14905cdf" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>75e36c961e14905cdf</a>>).<br /><br />The Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC) conducted a small scale<br />Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) experiment in the North Pacific in 2012. 120<br />tons of iron compound were deposited in the migration routes of pink and<br />sockeye salmon in the Pacific ocean West of Haida Gwaii over a period of 30<br />days. The project resulted in a 35,000 km2 plankton bloom that lasted for<br />several months.<br /><br />The HSRC scientific team collected a significant amount of oceanographic<br />data using autonomous underwater vehicles (Slocum Gliders), Argos Drifter,<br />Multi-Spectral Sonar, Surface Seawater samples, Phytoplankton Tows and<br />other methods.<br /><br />The full open data set can be downloaded for free under the Open Database<br />License (ODbL <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/e6834e3fb714b96de1" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>e6834e3fb714b96de1</a>>) here:<br /><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/instrumentation.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/<wbr></wbr>instrumentation.zip</a><br /><<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/a88f32b291e2a4498d" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>a88f32b291e2a4498d</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/wet_lab_data.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/wet_lab_data.<wbr></wbr>zip</a> <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/0a15fddfe44cb6c749" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>0a15fddfe44cb6c749</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/equipment_operation_manuals.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/equipment_<wbr></wbr>operation_manuals.zip</a><br /><<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/a7094a56ee49e9e842" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>a7094a56ee49e9e842</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/static_chloro_imgs.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/static_<wbr></wbr>chloro_imgs.zip</a><br /><<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/3de33cc881998d8336" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>3de33cc881998d8336</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/sonar.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/sonar.zip</a> <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/5403ae4a6cf9978663" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>5403ae4a6cf9978663</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/sea_height.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/sea_height.<wbr></wbr>zip</a> <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/8b4e1ae8c0ec9b24ca" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>8b4e1ae8c0ec9b24ca</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/glider_data.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/glider_data.<wbr></wbr>zip</a> <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/d59fb00ceee45a0b09" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>d59fb00ceee45a0b09</a>><br /><a href="http://72.2.5.11/google_earth.zip" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://72.2.5.11/google_earth.<wbr></wbr>zip</a> <<a href="http://go.toutapp.com/727ed2e53a50f00ee7" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://go.toutapp.com/<wbr></wbr>727ed2e53a50f00ee7</a>><br /><br />The HSRC scientific team was trying to answer the following questions:<br /><br />1. Does iron enhance phytoplankton and photosynthesis?<br />2. What is teh effect on fisheries, particularly salmon?<br />3. Can CO2 be sequestered for a long period through OIF?<br />4. Are there harmful effects?<br /><br />HSRC has asked Oceanea to collaborate with you to help anwer these and many<br />other questions we have not yet thought of. We look forward to working<br />with you.</ul>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-62914249228858676842014-05-22T22:32:00.000-07:002014-05-22T22:32:12.408-07:00Glacial Melt Pours Iron into Ocean, Seeding Algal Blooms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/glacial-melt-pours-iron-into-ocean-seeding-algal-blooms/<br />
<br />
<header class="article-header"><h1 class="article-title" style="font-family: Brunel-for-Titles, Georgia, serif; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Glacial Melt Pours Iron into Ocean, Seeding Algal Blooms</h1>
<div class="article-dek" style="font-family: Prelude, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 7px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
The iron fertilizer from glacier melt may help feed plankton blooms that, in turn, suck carbon dioxide out of the sky</div>
<div class="article-partnerIcon" style="margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px;">
<img src="http://www.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/157D9521-0EE0-4E3F-80A2F9972337EE7B.jpg" /></div>
<div class="article-author article-date" style="display: inline; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">
May 22, 2014 <span class="metaDataDivider" style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span>By <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author/christa-marshall" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;">Christa Marshall</a> and <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/author/climatewire" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;">ClimateWire</a></div>
<div class="article-socialVertical">
<div id="shareFloat" style="bottom: auto; left: -55px; max-width: 70px; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px; position: absolute; right: auto; text-align: center; top: 2319px;">
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/glacial-melt-pours-iron-into-ocean-seeding-algal-blooms/&text=Glacial%20Melt%20Pours%20Iron%20into%20Ocean,%20Seeding%20Algal%20Blooms" style="color: #9c9c9c; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="icon-twitter icon-large" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: Elusive-Icons; font-size: 26px !important; line-height: 1; speak: none;"></span></a><a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?p[url]=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/glacial-melt-pours-iron-into-ocean-seeding-algal-blooms/" style="color: #9c9c9c; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="icon-facebook icon-large" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: Elusive-Icons; font-size: 26px !important; line-height: 1; speak: none;"></span></a><a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/glacial-melt-pours-iron-into-ocean-seeding-algal-blooms/" style="color: #9c9c9c; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="icon-googleplus icon-large" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: Elusive-Icons; font-size: 26px !important; line-height: 1; speak: none;"></span></a><a class="reddit" href="http://www.reddit.com/submit" style="color: #9c9c9c; cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="icon-reddit" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: Elusive-Icons; font-size: 30px !important; line-height: 1; speak: none;"></span></a></div>
</div>
</header><section class="article-complementary" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 277px;"><figure style="margin: 0px;"><img alt="glacial melt" src="http://www.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/B4BE41D2-E4CD-41BA-8D024CCB7B8D3528_article.jpg?63395" /><figcaption style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br /><br />A decade ago, a common hypothesis was that rivers and dust supplied the ocean with most of its iron. Since then, scientists have reported in several papers that icebergs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents also may be significant contributors.<br /><i>Credit: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/bods/49403365" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Andrew Bowden via Flickr</a></i></figcaption></figure></section><section class="article-content"><div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Call it natural geoengineering.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Scientists report in a new study this week that glacial melt may be funneling significant amounts of reactive iron into the ocean, where it may counter some of the negative effects of climate change by boosting algal blooms that capture carbon. The paper, published in <em>Nature Communications</em>, adds to a body of research suggesting that melting ice at both poles may have widespread consequences beyond rising sea levels.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
"The theory goes that the more iron you add, the more productive these plankton are, and thus the more CO2 is taken out of the atmosphere in photosynthesis," said Jon Hawkings, a doctoral student at the University of Bristol and lead author of the <a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140521/ncomms4929/full/ncomms4929.html" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">study</a>. "Plankton 'fix' CO2 much like trees."</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
The work could help improve climate models of the future and fill in data holes about major climate transitions and ice ages in the past, he said. The effects on Antarctica in particular will need additional examination, he said, as iron currently is limited in the Southern Ocean.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Hawkings and a research team from four United Kingdom-based universities tested meltwater collected from the Leverett glacier in Greenland during summer 2012 and detected large amounts of iron nanoparticles known as ferrihydrite. Ferrihydrite is considered to be "bioavailable" iron because it is easily used by plankton in lab experiments, Hawkings said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Through the detected iron mineral levels in their samples, the team estimated that the flux of bioavailable iron into the ocean from glaciers currently is between 400,000 and 2.5 million metric tons annually from Greenland and up to 100,000 metric tons from Antarctica.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
That means that polar regions may rival wind-blown dust as a source of ocean iron. The contribution from Greenland alone could range from 8 to 50 percent of the global ocean flux of bioavailable iron, Hawkings said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
<strong>The iron ore counter-effect</strong><br />A decade ago, a common hypothesis was that rivers and dust supplied the ocean with most of its iron. Since then, scientists have reported in several papers that icebergs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents also may be significant contributors.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
A study last year found that a Greenland glacier was releasing iron, but it did not assess as large an area and for as long of a period of time as his study, Hawkings said. The studied area of the Leverett glacier, for instance, is more than 600 kilometers squared, while earlier work assessed a glacier about 5 kilometers squared, he said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
"Our study is the first to date to follow a whole melt season and the first to have looked at a large glacial catchment," he said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Matt Charette, a senior scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and co-author of an earlier <a href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n4/full/ngeo1746.html" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">paper</a> on Greenland-supplied iron, said although the new study overlaps somewhat with his prior work, it provides new details.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
"A case could be made that a larger system like the one they studied is more appropriate for scaling up to the entire ice sheet," he said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Kenneth Coale, a scientist at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, said the paper was "nicely done" and added to understanding of how iron may provide a counter-effect to climate change.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
The Greenland iron originates from stored subglacial meltwater that gets "flushed out" by surface waters carried through tunnels and cracks in ice during the melt season, Hawkings said. It's not fully understood how far the iron travels once in the ocean, but it likely stays near both poles. "Evidence exists for transport a few 100 kilometers out to sea, but only limited amounts will reach the open ocean," he said.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
It's also not fully understood how the iron will interact with polar ecosystems. Scientists have long known that iron-fueled algae can eat up carbon, leading to speculation that iron fertilization might be a geoengineering option to cool the planet. It also holds the possibility of boosting marine life that feed on plankton. A community in Canada two years ago, for instance, dumped large amounts of iron dust into the ocean to try to boost salmon stocks.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
In the case of "natural" iron fertilization via ice sheets, the positive likely outweighs the negative, in the sense that carbon will be removed in an area highly vulnerable to warming, and extra algae may help polar marine life threatened by warming, Hawkings said. He noted that algae can boost krill, which can in turn can feed fish, whales and seals.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
However, he pointed to a <a href="http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/what-are-the-possible-side-effects" style="color: #19437c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">report</a> from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution documenting a range of potential problems with added iron and resulting algae in the ocean in general, such as depleting the ocean surface of other nutrients like nitrogen.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 25px;">
"In theory it's a good thing. However, there may be impacts on species diversity ... and decomposing plankton may use up oxygen in deeper waters, depriving other organisms of it as happens in rivers and lakes when you get an algal bloom," Hawkings said.</div>
</section></div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-11086244723811174712014-01-26T20:47:00.000-08:002014-01-26T20:47:20.307-08:00Psychotherapy for Plankton<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
http://mit.whoi.edu/student-research?tid=1423&cid=113369<br />
<br />
<h2 style="background-color: #b4e1e1; color: #000066; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0em;">
Psychotherapy for Plankton</h2>
<h2 style="background-color: #b4e1e1; color: #000066; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0em;">
<em style="font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 19.5px;">The scene: A diatom is out of its oceanic habitat and on a couch, talking to a therapist. The diatom is stressed. It can’t ever seem to get enough nutrients. And it’s feeling underappreciated ... </em></h2>
<div id="content" style="background-color: #b4e1e1; float: left; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; padding: 10px 10px 0px; width: 440px;">
<div class="post" style="margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 15px;">
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> People just don’t seem to understand. Without me and all the other phytoplankton producing oxygen via photosynthesis, people wouldn’t have half the oxygen they need to breathe! We’re also the base of the ocean food chain that supports the fish they eat, and all the carbon dioxide I take up from the air to make into my body would still be in the atmosphere, making the earth heat up. Why can’t they see how important I am?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> I’m hearing that you feel undervalued. Why do you think it is that people don’t understand?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> I suppose it’s because I’m so small. They can’t see me without a microscope, so I might as well not exist! But that’s not my main problem. I can go on fine without humans knowing how much they depend on me. The thing that’s really getting me down is all this stress I’m under. </div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> Tell me what you mean. What’s causing this stress?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> Well, it’s a bit of a long story. I’ll start from the beginning. Since I do photosynthesis for a living, sunlight is my energy, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is my sustenance. But in order to grow, I need other ingredients, too, like nitrogen, iron, and vitamins. I use these ingredients in a specific ratio, just like a recipe. So, for example, even if there is plenty of nitrogen around in the ocean, unless there is also enough iron, I can’t grow. Whatever runs out first— that’s called a "limiting nutrient."</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist: </strong>I see. Why this is causing you such stress right now?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> So, I live in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. The waters there have plenty of nitrogen for me to use, but there is almost never enough iron to go around. I have to compete with other phytoplankton for my iron, and I also have to compete with bacteria. It’s particularly annoying that I have to share this scarce resource with the bacteria, because the way <em>they</em>get by in life is only through exploiting the carbon that <em>we phytoplankton</em>make for <em>them</em>. It just seems unfair!</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist: </strong>Correct me if I’m wrong, but it sounds to me like there’s more to this story.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom: </strong>Uh, I suppose. My relationship with those bacteria—well, it’s complicated. Even though they take that scarce iron from me when I need it most, I just can’t live without them. When the bacteria grow and die, they release vitamin B<sub>12 </sub>into the water. I <em>need</em> that B<sub>12</sub> to grow. And just like iron, it’s in short supply relative to the other ingredients I need. Without enough of those bacteria growing, I can’t get enough vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. Without enough iron or B<sub>12</sub>, I get really stressed! It’s just a bad cycle.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> It seems almost like sibling rivalry. You and the bacteria are dependent on each other, but at the same time, you’re also competing with each other for iron. That’s quite a delicately balanced relationship you have to negotiate there in the Southern Ocean. What are some strategies you use to try to cope with this stress?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> Life really gets difficult for me when I start to get starved for iron or vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. First, I try harder to get these missing nutrients. I make more of proteins that I use to find and transport the iron or vitamin from the seawater into my cell. I also make more of the proteins that I need to move the iron or vitamin around inside my cell. This way, as soon as I find the nutrients I need, I’m ready to use them. </div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> These seem like good strategies. But what happens if they don’t work?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> Well, I try to get by with less of whatever I’m feeling starved for. Sometimes I can substitute some other nutrient for the scarce ones, but this doesn’t always work very well. I just can’t work as efficiently when I’m starved, but I can make do and grow more slowly for a while. If supplies of these nutrients are too low, I just won’t survive. You can see why this is causing me such anxiety.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> Yes, your reaction seems perfectly natural. Let’s try to think of ways to manage this stress. Are there any ways you could predict what nutrients you are going to be starved for?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> Well, I’m not sure. I know that oceanographers are looking into this, too. They want to know what nutrients starve me and the other phytoplankton. But they don’t seem much better than me at predicting which nutrients are limiting how much we can grow. Until a couple of years ago, the scientists weren’t even sure we could be limited by the lack of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>!</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist</strong>: That’s interesting. Go on.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> One way scientists find out about what controls our growth is to take some of us out of the ocean, put us in bottles, add different nutrients, and watch to see which make us grow faster. This doesn’t make a lot of sense to me, because I know that being in a bottle can make us plankton respond to nutrients differently than we do growing in the ocean. There just has to be a better way.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> Yes, yes. But I’m afraid we are out of time; let’s pick this up again next session.</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<em>The following week.</em></div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> I did some research after last week’s session and found something that may help. It seems that some scientists are actually finding new ways to learn about what starves you phytoplankton. Really. The way they are doing this is by looking closely at changes in the way you grow when you are starved for specific nutrients, particularly vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. They are just learning how to measure those coping strategies you told me about last week. They have developed new technologies that allow them to detect and measure the proteins that organisms make when they are grown under different conditions. </div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> Are you saying that ocean scientists think they can tell when we phytoplankton feel starved for B<sub>12</sub> just by watching what kinds of proteins we make? They actually are interested enough in phytoplankton to make new methods to do this?</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> That’s right. When the scientists grew some of you in the laboratory, they noticed that there were a few proteins that you make <em>more</em>of when you are starved for the vitamin, but <em>not</em> when you are starved for other nutrients. They call these proteins “B<sub>12</sub>-starvation indicator proteins.” </div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom:</strong> They come up with fancy names, those scientists. If only they could learn how to measure those—what did they call them, B<sub>12</sub> … starvation indicator proteins?—if only they could measure them in the ocean instead of just in the lab! If they did, they could figure out what controls all the patterns and processes that lead to us getting starved for vitamin B<sub>12.</sub> I’d sure love to know that. Then I could be prepared for the stress. That would make life so much easier!</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Therapist:</strong> I know that they are doing their best. In order to use these measurements to learn about what stresses you, the scientists will need to measure these proteins from within a very complex mixture of many thousands or even millions of other proteins in the ocean, and they must also be sure they understand why you make this protein. They are getting closer!</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<strong>Diatom</strong>: Wow, that’s great news. I feel a little better already. It’s comforting to think that those scientists aren’t overlooking me and care so much about me and my stress!</div>
<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<em>This research was supported by </em>a <em>National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship and an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship, the WHOI Ocean Ventures Fund, the NSF Ocean Sciences Division and Office of Polar Programs, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.</em></div>
<strong>About the author:</strong> Erin Bertrand has worked to measure nutrient stress in diatoms in Mak Saito’s lab in the WHOI Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, as part of her research for her Ph.D. from the MIT/ WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography. She has been interested in how the availability of metals in the environment affects microscopic organisms ever since she started conducting research as an undergraduate at Bates College. When she is not growing diatoms, extracting proteins, taking samples of phytoplankton in Antarctica, or running the mass spectrometer, she likes to hike or run in the woods, listen to live music, or cook something new for her friends and family. Her mentor on this article was <a href="http://www.wgbh.org/topics/author/Heather%20Goldstone" style="color: #003366; text-decoration: none;">Heather Goldstone</a>, a science journalist for WCAI radio (and a graduate of the MIT/WHOI Joint Program).<div style="font-size: 1em; max-width: 650px;">
<em>By <a href="http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=118209&preview=true" style="color: #003366; text-decoration: none;">Erin Bertrand</a><br />MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography<br />Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Dept.</em></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="toolbox" style="background-color: #b4e1e1; float: right; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 19.5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 20px; width: 250px;">
<div id="switcher" style="background-color: #efefef; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); float: left; height: 16px; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 2px; width: 55px;">
<a href="http://mit.whoi.edu/student-research?tid=1423&cid=113369#" style="color: #003366; text-decoration: none;" title="Change text to small (default)"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-30842248239862848632014-01-22T18:16:00.000-08:002014-01-22T18:16:02.735-08:00Sampath Kumar wins award for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc Battery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sampath Kumar wins award for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc Battery</span></b><br />
<br />
http://www.tifac.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=904:national-award-to-commercializable-patents-2013-14&catid=49:latest-news&Itemid=17<br />
<br />
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px;">
<strong>Technology Refinement and Marketing Programme (TREMAP)</strong></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px;">
<strong>List of Final Stage Selection of Patents for<br />National Award to Commercializable Patents 2013-14</strong></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: white; color: #4b4b4b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>Sl. No.</strong></td><td style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>Patent Title<br /></strong></td><td style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>Name of Patent Holder<br /></strong></td><td style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>Patent Title No.</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 1em;"> 1.<br /></td><td style="font-size: 1em;">A nanosized electrochemical dispersion for rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries </td><td style="font-size: 1em;">Sh. Thothathri Sampath Kumar </td><td style="font-size: 1em;">246506 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825422640071574794.post-67501419946644120352013-12-31T19:26:00.001-08:002013-12-31T19:27:32.225-08:00The Massive Algal Blooms In The Gulf Of Oman Are Stunningly Beautiful From Spac e<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
http://www.businessinsider.com/massive-algal-blooms-in-the-gulf-of-oman-2013-12?IR=T<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><b>The Massive Algal Blooms In The Gulf Of Oman Are Stunningly Beautiful From Space</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">Several of the world's largest desalination plants sit along the coast of the United Arab Emirates. Every year, they deliver 115 billion gallons of potable water to more than 550,000 people in Dubai alone. But the plants have had to slow or shut down production more frequently over the past decade because of an unexpected disturbance: massive algal blooms in the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf.</span><br />
<div style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
The algae, known as red tide, clog pipes and filters at the plants. For warning of an approaching bloom, local authorities now consult data from a European Space Agency project, which began in 2012. When a passing satellite captures an image of an algal bloom (and software scans for the algae's chlorophyll, represented by the intensity of redness), officials alert plant managers, who then have a few days to decide how to adjust water production.<img alt="" border="0" class="nc_pixel" height="1" src="http://pixel.newscred.com/px.gif?key=YXJ0aWNsZT1jNzRlNGUzZTNjYjE1OTc0OTlkYmQ5MzgwMTM5MjA4NiZub25jZT02OGU3MzZhYi1jYmEyLTRlYWYtYjY5Zi0zZDYwNzQ0YmU3NjEmcHVibGlzaGVyPThjMDBmYmVlNjFkNWJjZjBjNjA5MmQ4YjkyZWJiY2Ex" style="border: 0px; height: auto; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="1" /></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></div>
Nualgihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07951756532251564812noreply@blogger.com0